Metodología del aprendizaje basado en problemas para la enseñanza de las cuatro operaciones básicas con estudiantes de tercer grado de educación general básica de la Unidad Educativa “Charles Darwin High School”, del cantón Pelileo

Abstract

This research focused on the application of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) as an innovative methodology for teaching the four basic mathematical operations to thirdgrade students at “Charles Darwin High School” in the Pelileo canton. This approach emerges as an alternative to traditional teaching methods, which prioritize memorization and hinder the development of logical thinking. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach with a pre-experimental design, involving one teacher and 28 students. A pretest and a posttest were applied to assess the impact of PBL on academic performance, along with a questionnaire administered to the teacher. The results showed significant improvements in students' understanding and problem-solving skills in mathematics. PBL is highlighted as an active, student-centered methodology aligned with constructivist principles, fostering critical thinking, autonomy, and collaborative work. The data confirm that this strategy motivates students and enhances their fundamental mathematical skills. It is concluded that the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology is effective in improving academic performance in the area of mathematics. Therefore, its implementation is recommended, accompanied by the use of appropriate teaching resources and ongoing training processes for the teaching staff.