Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir de almidón de la vaina de haba (vicia faba) y vaina de alverja con proporciones del diseño de experimentación por mezclas

Abstract

Due to environmental conditions, there is a growing demand to produce sustainable materials, especially for biopolymers derived from agro-industrial wastes. Starch is a readily available polysaccharide in this type of waste and one of the most promising candidates to produce degradable polymers, however, its inherent fragility limits its applications. In search of a solution to this problem. The process for the extraction of starch by wet method is detailed, which involves the immersion of the ground raw materials contained in a screen to allow the natural entrainment of starch and by decantation let it accumulate at the bottom. The proportions of the mixture design were used for the percentages of the biopolymer components, determining distilled water as solvent, glycerin as plasticizer, acetic acid was used as additive, and starch extracted from broad bean and pea pods. For the homogenization of the mixture, it was raised to a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius for 8 minutes and constant agitation until all the starch gelatinized, the mixture was poured into molds to be dried at room temperature. According to ASTM D668 standard, the starch-based biopolymer specimens were laser cut with a total of 57, to perform tests on the SHIMADZU AGS-50kNX machine, obtaining a tensile strength of 2.65 MPa, percentage elongation at break of 6 percent and a modulus of elasticity of 30 MPa.