Implementación del proceso de conservación de la estructura de la capa de rodadura de la vía Benítez – Huambaló de la abscisa 0+000 hasta la abscisa 4+500 de la provincia de Tungurahua

Abstract

Given the evident deterioration of the road surface structure of the Benítez – Huambaló road, located in the province of Tungurahua, a maintenance plan is proposed, due to the importance of the road as it allows communication between several urban and rural areas of the Pelileo Canton, thus enabling the fundamental connection for various representative economic activities for these sectors. First, an analysis of existing road traffic in the area was conducted using an Average Annual Daily Traffic (TPDA) study, which allowed for the identification of traffic flow. Subsequently, the pavement condition was assessed using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI), which consists of a visual inspection, measurement, and recording of the different defects found in the sampling units established through calculation. The information obtained allowed for the identification of the different types of defects and damage that directly affect the asphalt layer and highlight the need for road maintenance. The main causes of the observed failures were then analyzed. Among the primary factors identified were the lack of regular maintenance, the area's climatic conditions, and variations in vehicle loads (TPDA). This analysis allowed for an understanding of the pavement's structural behavior. Based on soil samples, moisture content, Atterberg limits, and particle size distribution tests were performed. These tests determined the soil classification and how these factors affect or improve the road's mechanical properties, particularly regarding the deterioration of the surface course. Finally, using the information gathered from both the visual PCI analysis and the laboratory soil tests, and based on a technical foundation, a maintenance plan is proposed to improve and maintain the integrity of the Benítez – Huambaló section of the road. This plan includes regular maintenance to extend the pavement's lifespan and optimize resource allocation.