Diseño y construcción de una máquina para ensayos de tensión que caracterice los efectos que producen los cambios de geometría en una probeta plana

Abstract

Tensile tests are important to understand the mechanical behavior of different materials when subjected to different loads and conditions. These tests allow understanding the different properties such as strength, elasticity, ductility, and stiffness of the element, being crucial for the design and selection of materials in industrial and structural applications. However, it is necessary to keep in mind that geometry changes in flat specimens have a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of the materials while they are subjected to stress. These changes include variations in the cross section, due to the presence of holes or different geometrical irregularities generating a concentration of stresses and different localized deformations. This is the reason why the necessary knowledge is provided to design and build a machine that allows visualizing the geometry changes that originate in a specimen. Previous research on the subject was carried out, continuing with design ideas, and following the design parameters given by the book "Shigley's Design in Mechanical Engineering". Once the design and analysis were done in the different softwares, we proceeded to verify plans for the construction of the prototype. Once the machine was built, the calibration and printing of different specimens was carried out.