Estudio de aceites de corte alternativos para procesos de mecanizado criogénico

Abstract

The project proposes to study alternative cutting oils for cryogenic machining processes with the general objective of improving surface quality in turning operations. Specialized literature on the use of different types of oils as cutting fluids was used; options available in the local market were identified, determining the physical properties through laboratory tests; turning tests were performed, comparing the behavior of the oils by measuring surface roughness; the null hypothesis was rejected, confirming that the type of oil used has a significant impact on the surface finish during the turning process of AISI 304 steel; the effectiveness of the system (MQL) and of cryogenic fluid CO2 was highlighted; the laboratory tests allowed the identification of key physical properties of the oils, such as densities, density and surface roughness; laboratory tests allowed the identification of key physical properties of the oils, such as densities, viscosities and flash points, providing solid basis for the selection of cutting fluids; the comparison between different oils revealed remarkable differences in their thermal and tribological behavior, the combination of MQL with olive oil, CO2 and titanium dioxide nanoparticles proved to be highly effective, not only improving the surface quality but also optimizing the tribological performance and prolonging the cutting tool life. These results suggest the feasibility of this combination in specific machining applications. As a result, this project contributes significantly to the knowledge on the selection and application of cutting fluids in cryogenic machining processes, providing a valuable basis for future research and improvements in the efficiency and quality of turning operations.Keywords: Machining, oils, cooling, turning, cryogenic, cutting fluid.