Optimización del sistema de distribución de agua potable del barrio central del caserío Yanahurco, cantón Mocha, provincia de Tungurahua

Abstract

The drinking water distribution network of the Yanahurco Village has exceeded its operational useful life, showing critical deficiencies in the hydraulic supply, particularly in pressure, as a consequence of the population increase and the incorporation of new housing units. The present study was oriented towards the diagnostic evaluation and functional optimization of the system, with the objective of guaranteeing a reliable and continuous service. On-site technical inspections were carried out to obtain primary data through surveys and direct measurements. An average supply flow of 8.95 L/s was determined, and pressures were recorded at strategic points using a manometer. The results showed significant disparities: in peripheral areas, the pressure reached a maximum of 64 m.c.a. (meters of water column), while in other sectors the values remained within the normative parameters, which confirms a critical hydraulic imbalance. To validate these observations, the system was modeled using hydraulic software, analyzing static and dynamic scenarios. The results confirmed substantial problems in nodal pressures and flow rates along the main pipelines. As an improvement strategy, the redesign of the network was proposed, with a design flow rate of 11.48 L/s. Incorporating infrastructure upgrades, with pipes of progressive diameters (22 mm, 32 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm and 63 mm) and the installation of eight pressure regulating valves (PVR), achieving stabilization of system pressures. However, flow rates were not fully optimized because the main pipeline, renovated five years ago, was not modified. Instead, four purge valves (PBV) were installed to eliminate air accumulations, improve flow continuity and mitigate sedimentation risks. Finally, a financial analysis of the project was performed, determining a total implementation cost of $156,348.81. This proposal ensures the sustainability and hydraulic efficiency of the system for the community of Caserío Yanahurco.