Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a compresión y resistencia a flexión del hormigón convencional f’c = 210 kg/cm2 y el hormigón con adición de fibras de totora

Abstract

The present research aimed to comparatively analyze the compressive strength and flexural strength of conventional concrete f'c = 210 kg/cm² and concrete with the addition of natural bulrush fibers (Schoenoplectus californicus). The study arises from the need to develop sustainable construction materials that can improve certain mechanical properties of concrete by utilizing natural resources available in Ecuador. The methodology employed was quantitative and experimental. Standard concrete mixes and mixes with the addition of bulrush fiber in percentages of 0.50%, 1.00%, and 1.50% relative to the volume of the mix were prepared. Previously, the physical and mechanical characterization of the constituent materials was carried out in accordance with the NTE INEN, ASTM, and ACI standards. Subsequently, cylindrical and prismatic specimens were manufactured, which were subjected to compression and flexural tests at ages of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results allowed for the identification of the influence of bulrush fiber on the mechanical behavior of concrete. It was observed that the incorporation of fiber at 0.50% generates improvements in flexural strength due to the bridging effect of cracks and redistribution of stresses within the cementitious matrix. However, high increases in fiber content can lead to reductions in compressive strength due to the formation of voids, compaction difficulties, and increased water demand. Finally, it was determined that bulrush fiber constitutes a viable alternative for applications where flexural strength and environmental sustainability are relevant factors.