Sistema de realidad virtual dedicado a la identificación y armado del instrumental quirúrgico para estudiantes de enfermería

Abstract

Limitations in clinical laboratory infrastructure hinder practical training in surgical instrumentation for nursing students. In response, a virtual reality system was developed that simulates open surgical environments, allowing students to identify instruments and practice setting up the Mayo table in procedures such as cesarean sections and appendectomies. An immersive experience in simulated surgical environments was achieved through an application developed in Unity with C# and run on Meta Quest 3 glasses. The system was designed with an iterative and user-centered approach, applying the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology. To evaluate the complexity and efficiency of the development, a proprietary methodology was created that integrated metrics such as Cyclomatic Complexity, Halstead Complexity, real-time performance, and user experience evaluation through the NASA-TLX and SUS instruments. The validation of this methodology was carried out under the Design Science Research approach, which allowed the evaluation process to be scientifically structured. The results show that 93% of students rated the system as useful or very useful for identifying instruments, and 86.2% indicated that it facilitates practice outside the laboratory. In addition, the TAM questionnaire applied to eight experts yielded averages of 4.8 in perceived usefulness, 4.45 in ease of use, 4.67 in attitude toward use, and 4.75 in intention to adopt on a 5-point Likert scale. In future phases, it will incorporate a user management system with attendance control and progress resumption.