Sistema de monitoreo ambiental basado en Lorawan para la recuperación y gestión sostenible de quebradas en el Cantón Ambato, Provincia de Tungurahua.

Abstract

This project develops the design of an environmental monitoring system based on LoRaWAN technology, aimed at contributing to the recovery and sustainable management of the ravines of Ambato canton, using the Pisocucho ravine as a case study. The proposal focuses on monitoring soil moisture, soil temperature, and electrical conductivity, variables associated with the environmental conditions of the study area. The methodological process included geographic delimitation using Google Earth Pro, spatial processing in QGIS, and a digital elevation model obtained from OpenTopography to characterize the terrain. Based on the territorial analysis, the location of the gateway was defined. In addition, the radioelectric behavior was evaluated using Radio Mobile, while network performance was analyzed through simulations in OMNeT++/FLoRa, considering alternative gateway locations, transmission power levels, and environmental conditions. Gateway G1 was selected as the main reception point based on criteria of physical security, accessibility, available height, and operational feasibility. In the final validation of the critical scenario, with high precipitation and an effective power of 17 dBm, fifty independent 24-hour runs were performed. The statistical results showed an effective PDR, according to FLoRa DER, of 29.10% ± 0.67; an average RSSI of −120.12 dBm ± 0.08; an average SNIR of 121.72 ± 4.85; and an average total energy consumption of 63.55 J ± 0.69. These results show that the proposed design constitutes a technically viable basis for implementing an environmental monitoring system in the Pisocucho ravine.