Optimización de medios de cultivo para la obtención de plántulas in vitro de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) a partir de semillas y explantes

Abstract

The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is a fruit tree that is in high demand in the US markets for its nutritional quality, this cultivar is produced in the provinces of Carchi, Imbabura, Azuay, Pichincha, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Tungurahua. Despite being a fruit tree that is in constant development, it has not managed to achieve enough replicas of improved varieties, so studies are carried out from seeds to achieve quality plants. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the best conditions for obtaining seedlings in vitro, taking into consideration the following experimental variables such as: culture media (M1, M2 and M3), seed disinfection methods (D1 and D2) and explants (E1) and different scarification processes (S1, S2 and S3). The results show that the best treatments were S2D1M2 in terms of seeds and E1D1M2 in explants. The response variables were evaluated between 4 to 60 days of experimentation, however, the best results are obtained after 60 days of observation, obtaining a germination percentage of 92%, contamination percentages of 48% for the S2D1M2 treatment. The development of the seedling was evaluated by the height of the seedling, true leaf formation, number of shoots and root formation. The height values ranged from: 3.35 cm. (S2D1M2) and 11 cm. (E1D1M2), likewise the formation of leaves presented an average of 11.5 from seed and 2.0 in explants, in terms of the number of shoots 1.5; while the number of roots presented an average value of 3.3; all these values at the end of the observation (60 days). This study provides relevant information to determine the culture medium and the most favorable conditions for the development of seedlings in vitro, it also shows the weighting effect of phytohormones on plant development.