PREVENCIÓN DE LA DESNUTRICIÓN INFANTILY EDUCACIÓN SOBRE LOS HÁBITOS ALIMENTICIOS EN LAS MADRES

Abstract

Childhood malnutrition remains a significant public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review examines the prevention of childhood malnutrition and education on maternal dietary habits. Objective: To analyze the available literature on interventions to prevent childhood chronic malnutrition, with an emphasis on maternal nutritional education during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Scielo, and PubMed. Review articles published between 2019 and 2024, in English and Spanish, that addressed the prevention of childhood malnutrition and maternal dietary education were included. Primary studies and publications not freely accessible were excluded. Results: Educational interventions targeting mothers are shown to have a significant impact on improving child nutritional status. However, the mere provision of knowledge is not sufficient to achieve sustainable changes. Additional barriers such as cultural beliefs, maternal workload, and food insecurity were identified. Women's empowerment and comprehensive community-based interventions emerged as key factors for improving child nutrition. Conclusion: Effective prevention of child malnutrition requires a comprehensive approach that addresses multiple determinants, including social and economic aspects. Maternal nutrition education is crucial, but must be accompanied by strategies that overcome practical and cultural barriers. More high-quality research is needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of interventions and guide the development of evidence-based policies.