Análisis in silico de la influencia de las redes y vías regulatorias en las funciones biológicas de genes afectados en la Púrpura trombocitopénica inmune (ITP)

Abstract

This work highlights the importance of in silico analysis to understand the regulatory networks and pathways associated with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), an autoimmune disease characterized by a marked decrease in platelet count. Key genes such as HSPA5, CRACD, RELB, HBM, and JUND were identified, which play fundamental roles in processes like apoptosis, inflammation, and platelet homeostasis. These findings provide a solid foundation for the development of targeted and personalized therapies. The methodology employed included bioinformatics tools such as Reactome, Cytoscape, and KEGG, complemented by differential expression analysis (DEG) and functional enrichment. These tools enabled the mapping of genes within regulatory networks and critical metabolic pathways, such as UPR, MAPK, and IL-17. Furthermore, gene and pathway interactions were evaluated, confirming their statistical relevance, and regulatory models were constructed linking these genes to essential functions in the pathogenesis of ITP. Functional analysis suggests innovative therapeutic strategies, such as modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress through HSPA5 and regulating inflammation mediated by RELB and JUND. This comprehensive approach expands the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ITP, proposing alternative pathways that could serve as a basis for developing personalized therapies aimed at improving patients' quality of life.