Identificación molecular de aislados bacterianos contaminantes de carne de pollo (Gallus gallus) expendida en puntos de venta del cantón Ambato

Abstract

Food of animal origin is exposed to several contamination factors in the production chain. Based on this argument, the objective of this research was the molecular identification of bacterial isolates contaminating chicken meat (Gallus gallus) sold in points of sale in the Ambato canton. The methodology started with 130 bacterial isolates, continued with the extraction of DNA, evaluating its quality by means of spectrophotometry with absorbance of 260/280 nm, determining its purity. For PCR using the 16S ribosomal DNA region, the universal primers 27F and 1492 R were used, and then electrophoresis was performed. The size of the bands was 1 500 base pairs (bp), the samples were sequenced and the identity of the processed bacteria was obtained, which were: Proteus mirabilis (36.09%), Escherichia coli (30.83%), Shigella sonnei (7.52%), Shigella flexneri (3.76%), Shigella dysenteriae (1.5%), Shigella sp. (0. 75%), Salmonella enterica (1.5%), Escherichia fergusonni (5.26%), Mammaliicoccus sciuri (2.26%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.5%), Proteus vulgaris (1.5%), Pseudescherichia vulneris (1.5%), Kurthia gibsonii (1.5%), Proteus sp. (0.75%), Comamonas kerstersii (0.75%), Cronobacter sakazakii (0.75%), Vagococcus lutrae (0.75%), Escherichia marmotae (0.75%) and Klebsiella variicola (0.75%). Finally, to compare the sequences deposited in the GenBank database, the content of Guanines + Cytokines, which are related to pathogenic islands, was taken into account; the bacterium with the highest content was Cronobacter sakazakii with 59.6%. In conclusion, the raw chicken meat sold in this territory contains a high index of microbiological contamination, demonstrating that one of the causes for the development of foodborne diseases (FBD) is the inadequate handling of the product, thus representing a serious problem for public health.