Terapias farmacológicas de reemplazo de la hormona tiroidea y su beneficio en la infertilidad femenina

Abstract

The relationship between the endocrine function of the thyroid gland and the gametogenic function of the female gonads is well known. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in women between 20 and 45 years of age varies from 5 to 7% and the incidence is from 0.3% to 0.4%. Infertility is defined as the absence of pregnancy after at least 12 months have elapsed in women under 35 years of age or 6 months in those over 35 years of age who have had sexual intercourse without the use of any contraceptive method. The American Thyroid Association, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Endocrine Society recommend thyroxine (T4)-based treatment for women with thyroid hypofunction, and also establish that around 84.1% of infertile women who have thyroid disorders achieved a post-treatment clinical pregnancy. The objective is to review the most relevant bibliography about thyroid hormone replacement treatment and its benefit on female infertility to be applied in the local population; to which it is concluded that in all those infertile women, the evaluation of the serum thyroid profile should be carried out, which include T3, T4 and TSH, so that it can be diagnosed at an early stage of infertility to improve the rate of conception and avoid possible fetal complications during pregnancy. In addition, it is recommended to apply studies and insist on local research to corroborate that levothyroxine therapy shows benefits on female fertility in Ecuador.