Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antimicrobiana de la hoja y fruto del mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth) frente a bacterias patógenas (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli y Listeria monocytogenes)

Abstract

The resistance of multiresistant bacteria to antibiotics is a global health problem, which has generated various infectious diseases transmitted by contaminated food. Therefore, the OMS promotes innovation and research of new sources that counteract this problem. For this reason, this research project aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of V. floribundum Kunth and the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. First, ethanolic extracts were obtained, resulting in yields of 11,189 and 41,163 percent of leaf and fruit extract, respectively. The qualitative determination of secondary metabolites was developed through phytochemical assays and metabolites were obtained such as: flavonoids and tannins in the leaf and flavonoids, tannins, phenols and diterpenes in the fruit. The antioxidant capacity with the DPPH technique was performed, where 86,422 and 27,930 percent of the leaf and fruit were obtained. Finally, the agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The inhibition halos in the leaf extract were: L. monocytogenes (20,667 mm), S. aureus (17,833 mm), B. cereus (18,500 mm) and E. coli (13,667 mm) and in the fruit extract: L. monocytogenes (14,000 mm), S. aureus (11,667 mm), B. cereus (11,500 mm) and E. coli (9,833 mm). The best percentage of inhibition was of S. aureus with 89 and 38,4 percent of the leaf and fruit with Vancomycin and with Gentamicin L. monocytogenes obtained 68,3 and 35 percent of the extract of the leaf and fruit.