Incidencia del suelo para la bioacumulación de Cadmio en la almendra de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) de dos variedades Fino de Aroma y CCN51 cultivadas en el cantón Santa Clara provincia de Pastaza

Abstract

Ecuador ranks fourth in world cocoa production and currently a problem for farmers is the bioaccumulation of Cadmium in soil and in cocoa crops. The objective was to analyze the incidence of the soil for the bioaccumulation of cadmium in the cocoa beans of two varieties cultivated in one of the farms of the Santa Clara Canton, Pastaza province. An experimental investigation was applied where physicochemical tests were developed in soils and in cocoa beans, a comparative analysis where the results achieved were related to the official Mexican soil standards and the European Union (EU) regulation for cadmium in cocoa. The characterization results in the sampled soils presented a “loamy sand” texture, pH values classified as “moderately acidic”, organic matter content in the soil where the CCN51 variety is grown presented a “high class” organic carbon content while that the soil where the Fino de Aroma variety was cultivated was classified in the “middle class” category, the minerals in the soil were determined as “high class” and the cadmium level presented a concentration that classifies them with a “normal level”. For the results obtained in the cocoa beans of the two varieties sampled, the cadmium content presented concentrations lower than 0.80 mg / kg obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite oven. Finally, it was concluded that the cadmium concentrations of the two cocoa varieties did not exceed the levels established by the European Union and, according to the statistical analyzes carried out, it was found that the cadmium concentration in the soils did not present any correlation with the cadmium concentration. in the sampled cocoa beans.