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Impacto de la explotación petrolera en el Yasuní y los derechos constitucionales de pueblos, nacionalidades y comunidades indígenas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Juriprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2025-08-01)
Ruiz Viera, Richard Wladimir
;
Espín Meléndez, María Cristina
This research analyzes the impact of oil exploitation in Yasuní National Park on the constitutional rights of Indigenous peoples, nationalities, and communities. The central problem lies in the existing interconnection between economic development based on oil extraction and the protection of collective rights and the rights of nature. The essential objective is to evaluate how extractive activities affect the rights of Indigenous communities, delineating their different participation mechanisms and the challenges facing their protection. The methodology employed was a qualitative approach based on a literature review, interview guides, and case-by-case analysis. This revealed the nation's economic dependence on oil and the recurring violations of collective rights. The results reveal consequences such as water pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss, health impacts, and displacement, as well as the ineffectiveness of mechanisms such as free, prior, and informed consent (FPAP), and the failure to fulfill the popular will expressed in national consultations. It is concluded that the protection of Indigenous rights and nature requires structural reform in governance and a transition to a sustainable development model in which the voice of communities is central and binding in decisions affecting their territory and future. Important recommendations include strengthening binding prior consultation, implementing alternative development models such as ecotourism and sustainable agriculture, and, most importantly, ensuring comprehensive reparations for affected communities.
El derecho a la salud de los habitantes del Cantón Lago Agrio y la explotación petrolera
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-03)
Castillo Monar, Angela Lourdes
;
Montero Solano, Juan Pablo
The present research work has as its theme. "THE RIGHTS TO THE HEALTH OF THE CANTON LAGO AGRIO INHABITANTS AND PETROLEUM EXPLOITATION", the investigation showed that the rights to health guaranteed by the Constitution of the Republic are being violated cruelly by companies Due to the fact that they carry out extractive activities of petroleum without the proper precaution and methodology. In addition, the investigation revealed that the oil companies have not made any kind of reparation and much less compensation to the people who have been and still are affected in their health by the environmental contamination that provoke to extract the petroleum. It is important to mention that the present research arises from the need to implement a legal regulation that ensures the right to health of the inhabitants that have been affected by the great contaminations caused by oil companies when extracting oil from the Ecuadorian Amazon, allowing So give a contribution to the community and above all make respect the rights enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic, especially the right to health established in its art. 32. With these considerations and in application of article 396 ibidem that determines that "the State adopts the appropriate policies and measures that avoid the negative environmental impacts when there is certainty of damage" and if there is doubt about the environmental impact although there is no scientific evidence the State shall take appropriate and timely measures in defense of the rights of nature and the rights to health. In other words, the State will be responsible and guarantor of the rights established in the supreme norm or charter to ensure a dignified life for the Ecuadorian people.
El delito de tráfico ilegal de especies exóticas y el daño ambiental en el cantón Pastaza
(2015)
Valdez Tite, Tannia Fernanda
;
Vargas Villacrés, Borman
La presente investigación tiene como objeto dar a conocer a la sociedad la problemática que tiene el Medio Ambiente cuando por medio de la mano del hombre, los animales exóticos son sustraídos de su hábitat natural, el efecto que ocasiona en la biodiversidad y el irrespeto que se da a la norma jurídica establecida. Es así que se estima que en el Ecuador de acuerdo al reporte de la (UNIDAD DE VIDA SILVESTRE), la mayor cantidad de animales con los que se trafica son: mamíferos, aves y reptiles los mismo que serán comercializados posteriormente de forma ilegal. La zona con más alta diversidad de especies en nuestro país es la Amazonía, que posee el 51% de la masto fauna nacional, así también es el lugar donde más se puede evidenciar la pérdida y fragmentación de hábitats, la cacería indiscriminada o los “factores intrínsecos”, teniendo como incidencia la reducción de población de las especies y, su extinción. Por muchos años las especies exóticas han sido dejadas de lado por considerarlas objetos sin derechos, a partir del año 2008 la naturaleza cobra vida, gracias a los derechos que le asisten en la Constitución. Se busca a más de ello analizar el impacto ambiental que se da en el Cantón Pastaza, por la extinción de especies nativas del Oriente Ecuatoriano, causando el deterioro del hábitat, con el fin de proteger, conservar el ecosistema y sus áreas adyacentes. El mayor problema de la sociedad es creerse los únicos dueños del mundo irrespetando el derecho a vivir en paz y armonía con la naturaleza. Y al ser el Ecuador uno de los países megadiversos de Latinoamérica, es considerado como un lugar vulnerable para la caza de animales, y para su posterior comercialización, irrespetando las leyes establecidas para protección de la fauna existente en el Ecuador. Este trabajo de investigación busca elaborar un Manual para el Control del Tráfico Ilegal de Especies Exóticas del Cantón Pastaza, ya que por su vulnerabilidad y la poca difusión de sus derechos, son sujetos de abuso, cacería y tráfico. The current investigation´s purpose is making public the unfairness produced by human beings against the environment, the fact that exotic animals are taken away from their natural habitat, the effect that this provokes into the biodiversity and the law disrespect. In Ecuador, according to the WILD LIFE DIVISION report, it is estimated that most of animals trafficking is related to mammals, birds and reptiles. They are all sold in an illegal way with the objective of utilizing their fur, keeping them in captivity, and using them as food. The area with the highest species diversity in our country is the Tropical Amazonian Region which possesses the 51% of the national fauna, as well as it is considered the place where there is the most remarkable habitats fragmentation and discriminating hunting or "intrinsic factors" whose result is the species population reduction and their subsequent extinction. For many years, the exotic species have been put aside for being considered objects with no rights. However, since 2008 the nature came to life thanks to the Constitutional. It seeks to do more than analyze the environmental impact that occurs in the Pastaza Canton, by the extinction of native species of eastern Ecuador, causing habitat degradation, in order to protect, conserve the ecosystem and its adjacent areas. The biggest problem of society is believed the sole owners of the world disrespecting the right to live in peace and harmony with nature. And being the Ecuador one of the diverse countries of Latin America, is considered as a vulnerable place for hunting animals and for subsequent marketing, disrespecting the laws established to protect the fauna in Ecuador. This research's aim is to elaborate an Illegal Trafficking Control Manual of Exotic Species in Pastaza which protects and monitors the Ecuadorian fauna due to the fact that this is abused, hunted and illegally sold because of its vulnerability and low rights spreading.

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