Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/892

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    La valoración de la prueba testimonial de la victima y el principio in dubio pro reo en el delito de violación
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2026-07-09)
    Guilcazo Hurtado, Mayra Alejandra
    ;
    Ramiro Tite, Segundo
    The present research focuses on the analysis of the evaluation of the victim's testimonial evidence and the principle in dubio pro reo in the crime of rape. The issue is of special importance and topicality since being faced with a sexual crime that, due to its nature of being committed clandestinely without the presence of witnesses, there is a problem in placing the victim's testimony as a central element of the charge to enervate the presumption of innocence of the accused. The methodology used presents a type of documentary bibliographic research for the analysis of regulations, doctrine, jurisprudence and studies previously carried out, as well as field research for the collection of direct information from judicial practice; a qualitative approach was used by applying an inductive method when using the interview guide to obtain information that was aimed at judges, prosecutors and lawyers in free practice specialized in criminal matters. The work was developed under a line of research corresponding to Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure with a scientific novelty based on the "theory of cautions", structured by evaluation criteria to which the victim's sole testimony must be subjected. In this sense, it is established that such testimony must fully comply with the three criteria of credibility – absence of subjective incredibility, plausibility in the statement and persistence in the incrimination – in order to enervate the presumption of innocence, otherwise it is the obligation of the judge to apply the principle In dubio pro reo
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Análisis de la influencia de la Sentencia No. 17-21-CN/23 y la interpretación condicionada por parte del pleno de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2025-03-21)
    Panimboza López, Karla Sharis
    ;
    Acosta Morales, María Gabriela
    Sexual violence is a problem of general interest that affects the most vulnerable members of society, such as persons with disabilities, who are frequently victims of sexual crimes such as rape, since this group has been prevented from appropriating their sexuality and for whom investigations are scarce. The objective of the study is to analyze from a legal and dogmatic perspective the Sentence No. 17-21-CN/23 of the Constitutional Court of Ecuador to establish the applicability of the proportionality of the interpretation of this type of crime and adjust it to the needs and reality of victims with disabilities unable to show resistance. The importance of dealing with this problem lies in the fact of giving visibility to an illegal conduct that violates the rights of integrity and sexual freedom of a priority group. The research approach is explanatory, using a qualitative methodology, which allows the bibliographic and jurisprudential study, together with the application of interviews to Judges and Prosecutors of the province of Tungurahua, this allows to collect the causes and effects of the legal problem, so it is immersed within the research line of public policy, law and society. The main result evidence that, although the examined sentence demands a personalized treatment in the imputation of the crime of rape, the actions of the judicial officials overlook what was ruled by the Constitutional Court, violating the rights of integrity and sexual freedom of persons with disabilities. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for greater control of compliance with constitutional jurisprudence on the part of justice administrators and a stronger state commitment to the implementation of public policies aimed at sex education and social integration of persons with disabilities.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Derechos de las víctimas y reparación integral por el delito de violación sexual en el Ecuador
    (Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2024-02)
    Pilla Laica, Joselyn Micaela
    ;
    Tite, Ramiro Segundo
    Integral reparation is an obligation of the Ecuadorian state to compensate the impairment of a right and return the victim to the state prior to the damage caused, to mitigate the effects of the same damage caused by the perpetrator, under this context the Ecuadorian state from the constitution of 2008 established mechanisms to achieve an effective comprehensive reparation, specifically in research conducted will address the comprehensive reparation for the crime ofrape, a crime that violates constitutional rights such as sexual freedom, personal integrity, privacy, free development of personality, a dignified life and the right to life itself, it is important to highlight the type of damage that the victim suffers, the consequences suffered and the measures necessary to mitigate or return to the normal state, It is important to highlight the type of damage that the victim suffers, the consequences suffered and the measures necessary to mitigate or return to the victim's normal state, This last factor in certain cases has been impossible to repair since the psychological sequels go beyond the tangible because they are considered a "wound ofthe soul" by the victims and the state can only conceive it as "dignity", which has no price and in certain cases neither psychological help nor money are enough to prevent suicide; It is also inefficient when it comes to the fulfillment as integral reparation the economic payments when they do not possess money or material goods or because they are not suitable and proportional.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    El principio de autodeterminación y el reconocimiento a las costumbres ancestrales jurídicas de los pueblos Afroecuatorianos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2018-11)
    Alvarado Pilligua, Johanna Dolores
    ;
    Vargas Villacrés, Borman Renan
    The Constitution of 2008 in Title Two Fourth Chapter develops Collective Rights for the Afro-Ecuadorian people, also establishing recognition of Rights and Principles typified in International Instruments such as ILO Convention 169, Charter of the United Nations, International Covenant on Human Rights Civil and Political, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In spite of the fact that the Magna Carta synthesizes Rights to the Afro-Ecuadorian People, the erosion of the Effective Protection of Rights to Black communities is evident, for that reason it is considered that the Legal Pluralism in Ecuador, develops with the Ordinary and Indigenous Justice, infringing the recognition to the Afro-Ecuadorian Jurisdiction. Although there are investigations that reflect the practice of Proprietary Law in Provinces of Esmeraldas and Imbabura, Afro-Ecuadorians are forced to be tried under Ordinary Justice. For this reason, we hold that it is important that the ancestral legal practices of Afro-Ecuadorian peoples be recognized through the Self-Determination Principle avoiding the violation of National and International Rights.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    El principio In Dubio operario y la Bonificación por Desahucio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2018-03)
    Moreno Nuñez, David Sebastián
    ;
    Mayorga Naranjo, Nelson Eduardo
    The present investigative work of certification denominated THE PRINCIPLE IN DUBIO PRO OPERARIO AND THE BONUSATION FOR DESAHUCIO, has been based on the problem around the violation of the principle, in dubio pro operario, at the moment of applying the calculation of the eviction bonus, due to several factors among them we find little clarity of the existing regulations, a legal rule that does not give a clear way of how to calculate the eviction bonus leaving at first the discretion of the judges or the administrative servants in charge of the calculations of the settlements in the termination of the employment relationship. The calculation of the bonus for the Eviction, knowing that the worker is harmed if he did not complete his year of work by not canceling the time worked causes a high degree of dissatisfaction in the workers referring to the non-consideration for this calculation of the months in which he did work but not to complete the year of service is not canceled, to be more clear they believe they are not worked. In the vast majority of respondents believe that the subject of research is a reality that everyone knows but nobody does anything to solve it, because even though it is not so, speaking of a harm to the employer, it can be considered by many to be an attack more at the head of the production generating work
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    La violación con muerte a niños o niñas y la regulación de penas en el COIP
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-06)
    Vargas Tisalema, Méntor Fernando
    ;
    Espín Meléndez, María Cristina
    The present graduation work entitled "THE VIOLATION WITH DEATH OF CHILDREN AND THE REGULATION OF PENALTIES IN THE CORE COMPREHENSIVE CRIMINAL CODE" proposes to implement the integral reparation of the victim by the State. In Ecuador the crime of rape with death causes great social commotion among its inhabitants, the National Police through DINASED states that in 2014 were 5 and 2015 6 cases giving an increase, it is clear that the figures are not so extensive , But since the victim is a child, and because it is considered a priority attention group, the population in general is concerned about the violation of fundamental rights established in the Constitution, such as the right to life, the right to physical, moral, And sexual. The Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code called COIP, which entered into force in 2014 typifies and punishes criminal offenses, the crime of rape with the death of children is punishable by a custodial sentence of twenty-two to twenty-six years, is taken in Account the circumstances of the offense, as well as the integral reparation of the victim, thus treating the convicted person to pay the material, personal or social damage caused. With the information collected and after the analysis and interpretation of the results, it is considered that the integral reparation of the victim must be assumed by the Ecuadorian State provided that the condemned person does not have the necessary resources since implementing this measure in the Organic Code Integral Penal COIP, the full reparation of the victim, his / her relatives and society in general may be effectively effectuated. From what can be said that this work of investigation is of importance and transcendence, since it tries to reform article 171 in relation to the violation with the death of children thus trying not to violate constitutional and international rights of the children.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    El aborto en mujeres con discapacidad mental víctimas de violación y el derecho a la vida
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-05)
    Flores Tamayo, Nelson Mauricio
    ;
    Pazmiño Vargas, Klever Alonso
    This research, entitled "ABORTION IN WOMEN WITH MENTAL DISABILITY, VICTIMS OF VIOLATION AND THE RIGHT TO LIFE," proposes that the degree of mental disability of a woman victim of rape should be considered to contemplate abortion as a non-punishable act. Currently under Ecuadorian legislation, abortion is sanctioned; however, there are certain exceptions such as when a woman with a mental disability is violated, abortion is permitted; Thus violating the right to inviolability of life, contemplated in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. In addition, allowing women with non-severe mental disabilities, who have been victims of rape, to perform an abortion, constitutes a total and absolute violation of the right to life that the human being has. This permissive and generalized action within the Ecuadorian criminal law against abortion of women with mental disabilities contravenes the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic with respect to life itself. To ensure an adequate and effective administration of justice in terms of establishing the criminal responsibility of women with mental disabilities who have been victims of rape and who end up with the life of the being in their womb, it is necessary to establish the degree of mental disability they suffer. This type of abortion should be a punishable act that inevitably entails a sanction for these women and consequently a decrease of the mortality rate for this cause.