Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CALIDAD DEL AGUA

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    Evaluación de la efectividad del carbón de hueso de animales bovinos (Bos taurus) en la disminución de la concentración de Flúor en el agua potable de consumo humano del Cantón San Pedro de Pelileo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Sánchez Aldaz, Erick Fabricio; Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
    The excess of fluoride in drinking water for human consumption that is distributed in some sectors of the San Pedro de Pelileo Canton from the Jun Jun watershed, is the main cause of the appearance of dental fluorosis in those who consume it; Dental fluorosis is an abnormality that affects the enamel of the teeth, causing them to yellow or wear out; In the worst case, partial or total loss of teeth can occur. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bone charcoal of B. taurus in reducing the concentration of fluorides, the temperature and time of bone carbonization is essential to obtain adequate hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate particles, hydroxyapatites and calcium carbonate are responsible for trapping fluoride ions; with a concentration of 5g per liter of bone charcoal, it was possible to reduce the concentration from 1.98 mg per liter to an average value of 0.742 mg per liter in the evaluation of jug tests without altering the water quality. The design of a bio-filter for domestic use can be used as an alternative to reduce contact with fluorine ions present in water; The bio-filter can be a tool used to improve the quality of dental life in children, young people, young women and adults.
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    Análisis de la influencia de la calidad de agua sobre la microbiota intestinal presente en las heces de pollos de engorde de la empresa Grupo Casa Grande
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Manzaba Yépez, Angela Nicole; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
    The gut microbiota includes commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit complex multicellular organisms. Among the main functions, the following stand out: regulation of metabolic activities, absorption of nutrients and prevention of colonization by pathogens. However, the microbiota can be altered by various factors such as water, food, antibiotic intake and geographical location. In this study, it was known whether water quality influences the intestinal microbiota of Cobb 500 broiler chickens from two farms (San José and Las Orquídeas) belonging to the Grupo Casa Grande company. For this purpose, a metagenomic amplicon analysis of the 16s rRNA gene was carried out, using DNA extracted from 4 fecal samples of broiler chickens. Data processing was performed on the Galaxy platform linked to QIIME2. The analysis of water quality was within the limits established by INEN 1108 standards and the Cobb 500 Chicken Management Manual, with the exception of water hardness (Las Orquídeas farm). The Shannon index and PCoA revealed that samples from both farms present a high microbial diversity of OTUs and a minimal difference in the composition of the microbial community. The analyzes of relative abundance, differential abundance and alpha rarefaction showed that the most abundant and richest taxa of the fecal microbiota were Lactobacillus sp and Romboutsia sp. The water quality of the farms did not influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the chickens.
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    Análisis de la influencia de la calidad de agua sobre la microbiota intestinal presente en las heces de pollos de engorde de la empresa Grupo Casa Grande
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Aguilar Castillo, Carla Melanie; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
    The gut microbiota includes commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit complex multicellular organisms. Among the main functions, the following stand out: regulation of metabolic activities, absorption of nutrients and prevention of colonization by pathogens. However, the microbiota can be altered by various factors such as water, food, antibiotic intake and geographical location. In this study, it was known whether water quality influences the intestinal microbiota of Cobb 500 broiler chickens from two farms (San José and Las Orquídeas) belonging to the Grupo Casa Grande company. For this purpose, a metagenomic amplicon analysis of the 16s rRNA gene was carried out, using DNA extracted from 4 fecal samples of broiler chickens. Data processing was performed on the Galaxy platform linked to QIIME2. The analysis of water quality was within the limits established by INEN 1108 standards and the Cobb 500 Chicken Management Manual, with the exception of water hardness (Las Orquídeas farm). The Shannon index and PCoA revealed that samples from both farms present a high microbial diversity of OTUs and a minimal difference in the composition of the microbial community. The analyzes of relative abundance, differential abundance and alpha rarefaction showed that the most abundant and richest taxa of the fecal microbiota were Lactobacillus sp and Romboutsia sp. The water quality of the farms did not influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the chickens.
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    Estudio de los criterios fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos y metales pesados en agua para consumo humano en la comunidad de Misquilli, en la parroquia de Santa Rosa, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Lozada López, Jennifer Katherine; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The objective of this research is to characterize the water quality and determine the concentration of heavy metals in the community of Misquilli, belonging to the parish of Santa Rosa. Monitoring was carried out in May 2023, taking 6 samples along the water transport route, from its origin to the point of consumption. In addition, analyses of the physicochemical characteristics of the water were performed using the photometer for minerals and the atomic absorption spectrophotometer for heavy metals; in the microbiological analysis was performed from membrane filtration, following the allowable limits established in Annex 1 of the Environmental Quality Regulations (Table 1 TULSMA) for source water, and in Annex 2 of INEN Standard 1108:2014 for drinking water. The values obtained were interpreted by comparing them with the standards stipulated in the ordinance. Some physicochemical parameters were identified that exceeded the maximum permissible limits (MPL) in fluoride water with values between 3.7 to 4.2 milligrams per liter (MPL of 1.5 milligrams per liter INEN 1108:2014 and Table 1 TULSMA), cadmium with values 0.0032 and 0. 0046 milligrams per liter (MPL of 0.003 milligrams per liter INEN 1108:2014), free residual chlorine with values below 0.04 milligrams per liter (permissible range between 0.3 to 1.5 milligrams per liter INEN 1108:2014) and fecal coliforms with values of 15 CFU per 100 mL (MPL less than 1 CFU per 100 mL INEN 1108:2014).
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    Evaluación de la calidad del agua y determinación de metales pesados en sedimentos de la microcuenca del río Alajua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Moreano Panchi, Ana Belen; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    This study aims to evaluate the quality of surface water and determine the heavy metals in the sediments of the Alajua River micro watershed through the analysis of physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Consequently, it made a sampling campaign and determined five points in the high and low watersheds of the river. The results obtained from characterizing the water and sediment samples were analyzed with the maximum allowable limits set by Ecuadorian environmental legislation (TULSMA). In addition, parameters such as pH and conductivity are monitored at all test points, turbidity, sulfates, and nitrates in the water test, and metals in water sediments did not exceed the following limits: Al, Cd, Cr, As, and Ni. However, high concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Pb were found in the upper and lower watershed, exceeding the TULSMA limits. The results of the microbiological analysis showed total and fecal contamination at all points. The most polluted points were point 3 (200 meters below the Pungoloma-Quisapincha road), point 4, and point 5, located in the Aguaján sector. Two water quality indices, NSF and Dinius, were calculated from the data collected. The assessment of the water quality in the river with the two water indicators indicated the three points mentioned earlier to be suitable for human beings and acceptable for agricultural irrigation. In conclusion, the continuous monitoring of this micro-watershed should be constant.
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    Caracterización de la calidad del agua y determinación de metales pesados en sedimentos de la microcuenca del río Colorado
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Frias Carrion, Adriana Jacqueline; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The present investigation aims to characterize the quality of the water and determine the concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the Colorado River micro-basin for the evaluation of the degree of contamination through the water quality index (ICA), for which it was carried out a monitoring in September 2022, taking 5 sampling stations along the Colorado River. On the other hand, the analysis of the physicochemical characteristics was carried out considering the permissible limits of the Environmental Quality Regulation (TULSMA) established in annex 1, for water and in annex 2, for soil. The ICA values were interpreted through the NSF and Dinius classification scale. The results physicochemical parameters that exceeded the permissible limits in water were fecal coliforms, zinc, lead, iron and manganese. On the other hand, the measurements that exceeded the soil quality criteria were hexavalent chromium, cadmium and copper. In accordance with the aforementioned, a regular water quality was estimated using the ICA-NSF. On the other hand, the water was classified as contaminated except for P3, which was acceptable through the Dinius ICA. The condition in the sampling areas in surface waters is mainly due to anthropic activities such as the presence and deposition of animal feces; as well as domestic water discharges and the dry season, which allowed us to investigate the deterioration of water quality in the Colorado River.
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    Caracterización de bacterias y testeo de métodos de desinfección de botellones de agua de la planta Fuente San Felipe S.A. ubicada en el cantón Latacunga provincia de Cotopaxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-09) Bonilla Vizuete, Jeniffer Stefania; Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
    The problem of bottled water quality is acute throughout the world, and it has been addressed with water testing that ensures accurate and timely results. Bottled water manufacturers are tasked with testing larger volumes of samples, even dealing with unexpected emergencies, while adhering to more stringent local regulations. The use of returnable bottles has determined that there are contaminants due to improper handling of the containers, exposure to the environment and wear of the bottle materials. This study focused on establishing the microbial load, identifying the microorganisms involved and proposing continuous improvement protocols to ensure the food safety of bottled water from the Fuente San Felipe S.A. plant. Evidence of bacterial contamination was found in the returnable bottles. The presence of aerobic mesophiles was determined, which are indicators of contamination due to exposure to the environment, total coliforms, without finding evidence of fecal contamination and the critical microorganism found to establish the quality of water was Pseudomonas stutzeri. The disinfection protocol was adjusted to eliminate this microorganism with the use of hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of up to 3 percent and applications of up to 15 minutes of contact in the bottles, the latter being considered the best treatment. In order to ensure the quality of the final product, a food quality and safety management system is proposed, based on measurement, analysis and improvement of the disinfection and packaging processes.
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    Aplicación de exfoliado de grafito a partir del grafito proveniente de pilas recicladas para el mejoramiento de la calidad del agua residual de la lavadora de carros Lavadora Express ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Rodríguez Pinto, Adriana Cristina; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    Carbon is the most abundant element nature, and the number of compounds of which it is a part is infinite. The benefits of this element have been investigated, with the aim of seeking improvements in various aspects of human development. One of the most worrying aspects is pollution, the excessive use of water sources in the city of Ambato, make us wonder if society is aware that the water resource is not infinite and the impact it can have on the well-being of future generations. It is for this reason that this study is focused on the benefit that can be obtained from the exfoliated graphite obtained from recycled batteries, and its use as a mitigating agent of wastewater pollution, especially in car washers. For this research, samples were taken from the Lavadora Express car washer and the following study variables were established: Obtaining graphite exfoliation, the characteristics of the graphite exfoliation from FT-IR and UV - VIS spectrophotometry, quality parameters of the water as pH, total solids, suspended solids, color, turbidity, BOD and COD; lead adsorption isotherms. In conclusion, the graphite exfoliation is useful to improve the quality of the residual water.
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    Validación del método para determinación de detergentes en muestras de agua por espectrofotometría UV-Vis en el laboratorio AqLab de la ciudad del Coca
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Aguirre Tubón, Ana Belén; Pérez Aldas, Lander Vinicio
    The validation of the method for determination of surfactants in water samples by UV-vis spectrophotometry was carried out in the environmental analysis and evaluation laboratory Aqlab in the city of Coca. Its validation was carried out taking into account the analytical need of the laboratory, validation parameters of the INEN ISO IEC 17025 standard and SAE regulations, environmental regulations described in the TULSMA, in its Environmental Quality and Effluent Discharge Standard: Water Resource and the Municipal Ordinances of the Orellana Canton. The method 5540 C corresponding to the determination of anionic surfactants as MBAS described in the Standard Methods was used for the matrices of water for human consumption, natural water and waste water. The validation objectives were established and the corresponding experimental design was proposed under conditions of repeatability and reproducibility. The following parameters were analyzed: Response Function, Limit of detection, Limit of quantification, Precision (repeatability and reproducibility), Veracity, Uncertainty and Working Interval of the method. Through the statistical analysis of data, it was demonstrated that the method is suitable for the intended application, by meeting the validation objectives set for a CVr and CVR less than 30 percent for accuracy, a recovery percentage of 80 to 120 percent for veracity, an uncertainty U less than 30 percent with a 95 percent confidence interval (k is 2) and a method working range comprising concentration levels 0,10 to 8,85 ppm MBAS.
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    Reducción en la demanda bioquímica y química de oxígeno en las aguas residuales de la Tenería Núñez aplicando tratamiento de electrólisis del agua residual
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Vásconez Ortiz, Ricardo Fernando; Pérez Aldas, Lander Vinicio
    The electro-oxidative system with titanium meshed electrodes was studied with the aim of complementing the previous investigation of " Diseño e implementación de la planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Tenería Núñez " by Núñez (2021), due to the fact that the methodology created to the treatment of wastewater from the tanning processes was not sufficient to reduce degradability values -by physicochemical methods- until its data allowed by Ecuadorian regulations. The method for oxidative electrolysis of wastewater used a sample of the treated effluent from Tenería Núñez, where in principle initial degradability studies were carried out, focusing on values for Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand, as they are the most critical values. compared to the other parameters already reduced. The design of the electrolytic cell and the electro-oxidative methodology were adapted from several authors who have shown to reduce these parameters by up to 99 percent -as in Hernández et. al (2011)- reported in the background of the project; the combination of primary and secondary electrochemical methods (electrocoagulation and electrooxidation) results -in these studies- in an almost total elimination of contaminants and a formidable efficiency. Therefore, avoiding the excessive consumption of resources, the electrolytic oxidation methodology was proposed from titanium electrodes -for its resistance and effectiveness- in short electrolysis times, while considering the low investment for the method (Electricity, electrodes, voltage transformer and circuits). Finally, the post-treatment analysis will decide if the efficiency is acceptable.