Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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    Aplicación de la tecnología de metabarcoding 16S rRNA para el análisis de la rizosfera de mora (Rubus glaucus) en cultivos de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Vallejo Guerrero, Lizbeth Andrea; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    This study focuses on characterizing the diversity and abundance of the microbiota associated with the blackberry rhizosphere, as well as predicting the metabolism of the taxa found. Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and analysis of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene, a wide range of bacterial taxa predominantly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were identified. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed high microbial diversity in most of the sampled locations, with significant variations between sampling points, indicating the influence of local environmental factors. Additionally, functional predictions of metabolic profiles were performed using advanced bioinformatics tools such as PICRUSt2 and EzBioCloud, highlighting the contribution of these microbial communities to the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur. The results underscore the importance of rhizospheric microbiota in soil health and the growth of R. glaucus and suggest its potential for use in biocontrol and biofertilization strategies. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of microbial ecology in blackberry crops but also offers a foundation for future research and practical applications in sustainable agricultural management in the Tungurahua region.
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    Aplicación de la tecnología de metabarcoding 16S rRNA para el análisis de la rizosfera de mora (Rubus glaucus) en cultivos de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Corrales Iza, Lenin Apurimak; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    This study focuses on characterizing the diversity and abundance of the microbiota associated with the blackberry rhizosphere, as well as predicting the metabolism of the taxa found. Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and analysis of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene, a wide range of bacterial taxa predominantly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were identified. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed high microbial diversity in most of the sampled locations, with significant variations between sampling points, indicating the influence of local environmental factors. Additionally, functional predictions of metabolic profiles were performed using advanced bioinformatics tools such as PICRUSt2 and EzBioCloud, highlighting the contribution of these microbial communities to the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur. The results underscore the importance of rhizospheric microbiota in soil health and the growth of R. glaucus and suggest its potential for use in biocontrol and biofertilization strategies. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of microbial ecology in blackberry crops but also offers a foundation for future research and practical applications in sustainable agricultural management in the Tungurahua region.
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    Caracterización de la diversidad bacteriana en microplásticos del río Cutuchi utilizando Metabarcoding 16S rRNA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Silva Tenezaca, Bryan Andrés; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    The oceans and rivers are the main repositories of microplastic pollution. Along with anthropogenic contamination from xenobiotics, these microplastics can become a source of proliferation of pathogenic bacteria with specific nutritional requirements. For this reason, this research aims to characterize the bacterial diversity on microplastics from the Cutuchi River using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to identify bacterial communities and predict their functional profiles. Following the Microbiology and Biotechnology research line, microplastics were created from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polystyrene (PS) to build microcosms incubated in the Cutuchi River. After the formation of biofilms, they were collected and sequenced using Illumina technology for bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the bacterial diversity on microplastics was significantly different from that found in the sediment and water. Two predominant bacterial families were detected on the microplastics: Aeromonadaceae and Shewanellaceae, indicating a greater influence of environmental factors compared to the composition of the microplastics or the sampling point. The prediction of functional profiles suggested that microplastics can harbor bacterial communities with metabolic functions associated with biofilm formation, biosynthesis of antimicrobials, and degradation of xenobiotics. These findings position microplastics as sources of pathogen proliferation, potentially capable of biosynthesizing antimicrobials and degrading xenobiotic compounds, demonstrating the danger of microplastics as an emerging environmental contaminant.
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    Caracterización de la diversidad bacteriana en microplásticos del río Cutuchi utilizando metabarcoding 16S rRNA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Aucancela Ordoñez, Pamela Alisson; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    The oceans and rivers are the main repositories of microplastic pollution. Along with anthropogenic contamination from xenobiotics, these microplastics can become a source of proliferation of pathogenic bacteria with specific nutritional requirements. For this reason, this research aims to characterize the bacterial diversity on microplastics from the Cutuchi River using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to identify bacterial communities and predict their functional profiles. Following the Microbiology and Biotechnology research line, microplastics were created from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polystyrene (PS) to build microcosms incubated in the Cutuchi River. After the formation of biofilms, they were collected and sequenced using Illumina technology for bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the bacterial diversity on microplastics was significantly different from that found in the sediment and water. Two predominant bacterial families were detected on the microplastics: Aeromonadaceae and Shewanellaceae, indicating a greater influence of environmental factors compared to the composition of the microplastics or the sampling point. The prediction of functional profiles suggested that microplastics can harbor bacterial communities with metabolic functions associated with biofilm formation, biosynthesis of antimicrobials, and degradation of xenobiotics. These findings position microplastics as sources of pathogen proliferation, potentially capable of biosynthesizing antimicrobials and degrading xenobiotic compounds, demonstrating the danger of microplastics as an emerging environmental contaminant.
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    Monitoreo de las comunidades microbianas de la cuenca del río Cutuchi utilizando metabarcoding 16S rRNA e indicadores microbianos tradicionales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Medina Pacheco, Jennifer Lissette; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    Water is an essential natural resource for life, human development and biodiversity conservation. In Ecuador, 83 percent of the population has access to drinking water, and in rural areas only 53.9 percent. Due to the difficulty of obtaining this resource, a large part of this population opts for river water for domestic activities, triggering gastrointestinal diseases. In this context, Cutuchi river are used in agricultural activities, however, they have presented worrying levels of pollution due to the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial water. In such a way that, the present study was based on the monitoring of the microbial communities of the Cutuchi river using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and traditional microbial indicators. The research line corresponds to Microbiology and Biotechnology. The results obtained showed that, in six of the seven points sampled, the densities were higher than 4 log10 CFU·100 mL at -1 for total coliforms, E. coli and somatic coliphages. A high concentration of fecal indicators resistant to tetracycline and ceftriaxone was detected. Metabarcoding 16S rRNA classified the microbial abundance into 9 phyla and 36 major bacterial species. The values obtained detail the presence of fecal bacteria typical of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, revealing a degradation in the water quality of the Cutuchi river. This study could be used as a baseline for the evaluation of the efficiency of the treatment plants, from the point of view of microbial populations in waters impacted by residual discharges.