Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE

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    Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de Metarhizium anisopliae microencapsulada frente a Phyllophaga spp
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Carrera Núñez, Wendy Tatiana; Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
    The Castilla blackberry is a fruit with high nutritional and commercial value in Ecuador, but it is affected by insect pests such as Phyllophaga spp, it feeds on roots and allows the entry of pathogenic microorganisms such as Fusarium, Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia, generating rot in the roots. and plant death. The control of this pest has been demonstrated with the use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae, however, its effectiveness in the field is affected by abiotic factors, found in microencapsulation a technique that allows this fungus to be protected and enhanced. The research allowed the growth and sporulation of conidia of M. anisopliae in vitro in Petri dishes, microencapsulation was by spray drying with maltodextrin and gum arabic and ionic gelation with sodium alginate and calcium chloride. 9 treatments were applied with the encapsulates, the larvae were placed in a humidity chamber and infected with 1 milligram per larva to be evaluated over a period of 7 days. 270 larvae of the genus Phyllophaga spp were found, for its control the best treatment was ionic gelation with a concentration of 1 by ten to 9, with the highest number of infected larvae on the fourth day and a severity of 52.38 percent and the least effective treatment corresponded to spray drying with a concentration of 1 to 10 to 5 on the fourth day and presented an infection severity of 34.28 percent.
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    Aislamiento y caracterización de hongos entomopatógenos presentes en el suelo de las diferentes zonas agrícolas de la Provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Ortiz Villacís, José Alejandro; García Solís, Mario Daniel
    The research was developed in the in vitro culture laboratory of the BIOSEBORGANICS CIA Company. LTDA., In the period November 2020 - May 2021. 23 soil samples were collected from different agricultural sectors of the Province of Tungurahua: Pelileo (6), Santa Rosa (4), Unamuncho (6) and Quisapincha (7). Galleria mellonella larvae were used as a bait trap to detect, isolate and purify entomopathogenic fungi, obtaining 200 larvae to evaluate per generation. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic characterization, the percentage of 56.52 samples gave positive results regarding the presence of fungi. Metarhizium sp. It was detected in 10 strains (percentage of 45.45) presenting cottony characteristics of olive green color in the center, irregular mycelium and a greenish-yellow coloration on the reverse; Candelabrum-shaped branched conidiophores with two or three branches each, slightly ellipsoidal cylindrical conidia, forming long chains, some attached laterally. Beauveria sp. in 7 strains (percentage 31.82) with a white cottony texture, irregular mycelium and a yellow coloration on the reverse; conidiogenic cells typical of the species and sub globose-ellipsoidal conidia and Paecilomyces sp. in 5 strains (percentage equal to 22.73) of cottony initial texture of grayish brown color, irregular mycelium and cream color on the back; It presented branched conidiophores with up to six phialides and ovoid conidia. These entomopathogenic fungi found in the different agricultural areas of Tungurahua open the field for the control of pests that affect the crops of the region through Biotechnology.