Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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2019 - 201912020 - 20211

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Tema: search.filters.subject.MASTUERZO

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Optimización del proceso de extracción de carotenoides obtenidos a partir de la flor de mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus L)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-01)
    Amancha Laura, Alex Giovanni
    ;
    López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The present investigation was based on the optimization of the operational parameters that influence the extraction of carotenoids from the orange flower of the mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus L) through the response surface methodology (MSR). Considering that these metabolites are fat-soluble organic pigments, a solid-liquid extraction with 96 percent ethanol was carried out, by studying two factors: the ratio of plant matter: volume of solvent (1:20, 1:45, 1: 70) and the extraction time (30, 60, 90 minutes). Subsequently, the carotenoid content was quantified by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, determining that the best treatment corresponds to 70 parts by volume of ethanol in a time of 90 minutes, registering a value of 929.44 mg per 100 g of dry base, while the lowest value of 487.05 mg per 100 g was obtained with 20 parts of solvent in a time of 30 minutes. Subsequently, the MSR was applied, through which the levels of each of the factors were optimized, determining that the optimum point corresponds to 70 parts of ethanol volume in a time of 90 minutes, reaching a maximum concentration of 940.92 mg of carotenoids per 100 g, with an extraction efficiency of 0.18 percent and a desirability of 0.97. Finally, a vacuum distillation was developed, obtaining the concentrated extract of carotenoids with a humidity of 80.59 percent, which was stored at 4 degrees Celsius for its conservation, since it has antioxidant potential.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Evaluación del contenido de Isotiocianatos de los extractos vegetales de mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), mostaza (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) y mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) y su actividad nematicida in vitro para el control de Meloidogyne
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12)
    Lara Moya, Luis Marcelo
    ;
    Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro Pablo
    The amount of isothiocyanates present in alcoholic and aqueous plant extracts of Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), Mustard (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and Mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) was quantified. The solvents used for extraction were 96 percent ethanol and distilled water. The statistical analysis used was an AXB factorial design. The hydroalcoholic extract of Raphanus raphanistrum L. obtained the highest concentration of isothiocyanate (535,410 ug for ml) and percentage yield (30.67 percent). Same as its in vitro nematicide capacity was assessed against nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne at stage J2 at different concentrations (100, 50, 75, 50, 25, 15, 10, and 5 percent v / v), an absolute control (water distilled) and a chemical control (Metam sodium 1µl for 1L of distilled water) for 48 hours. The concentration with the greatest effect and the shortest time was 100 percent, which reduced the population by 93.33 more less 2.89 percent in the first two hours of exposure and 100 percent mortality at four hours. The assessment of the damage caused to the nematodes was carried out by optical microscopy, observing the internal damages (black-colored bulges) and external damages (detachment of its epidermis). The results obtained in the experimentation were satisfactory, demonstrating that there are new alternatives for the creation of nematicides of organic origin that do not cause damage to the environment and have the same effect as a nematicide of synthetic origin.