Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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2010 - 20193

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Tema: search.filters.subject.CARACTERIZACIÓN GENOTÍPICA

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Caracterización de levaduras aisladas a partir de frutos de durazno (Prunus persica), fresa (Fragaria vesca) y manzana (Malus domestica)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-07)
    Escobar Reyes, Mercy Jeaneth
    ;
    Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
    This paper shows the importance of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization for the identification of yeasts that were isolated from seasonal fruits peach, strawberry and apple from three different locations Montalvo-Palagua, Huachi Grande-San Alfonso, Alobamba – the triumph. The time, yeasts have generated a biotechnological interest due to their application in the industry, rapid growth and biomass production. The fermentation of the fruits made before the isolation allowed to obtain differences in the number of CFU for every ml according to the fruit and place of collection. A total of ninety four isolated and conserved strains were obtained. For the identification of these was taken different criteria as morphological where analyzed their characteristics macroscopic and microscopic, physiological criteria of growth in different ranges of pH, salinity, temperature and assimilation of Amino acids as a source of carbon and nitrogen. The characterization genotypic was performed by analyzing the digestion of the region ITS by means of RFLP, the results of numerical taxonomy obtained were analyzed in the statistical software NTSys which allowed to obtain a taxonomic determination with which it was possible to group and form sixteen species groups resulting from the analysis of numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data and fourteen species groups resulting from the numerical taxonomy of genotypic data. The final analysis of taxonomy Polifásica made for fifty-four strains of yeast where they grouped their characteristics resulting from the analysis phenotypic and Genotypic obtaining a final dendogram with a cut to 80 percent of similarity that allowed Obtain 18 species groups where it is observed its wide distribution for the fruits and places of where they were isolated the yeasts.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Determinación de la diversidad de actinomicetes aislados de ecosistemas glaciares de los Andes y la Antártida
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05)
    Chamorro Sevilla, María Belén
    ;
    Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
    Were identified 152 strains of actinomycetes molecularly isolated from cold ecosystems of Antarctica, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo. Through the amplification of the fingerprinting patterns by rep-PCR, using the first BOX A1R1, I was able to construct the genotypic dendrogram generated by the Pearson coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining 23 species-groups. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was constructed by calculating the evolutionary distances of Jukes & Cantor and the Neighbor - Joining algorithm. It was possible to identify 4 different species, which belonged to the genus Streptomyces, while the strain DE-067 was associated to the genus Nocardia. On the other hand, by phenotypic characterization it was determined that most of the strains of this study were mesophilic, weak halophilic and neutrotolerant. In addition, they have a great ability to metabolize amino acids as a source of carbon and nitrogen. With the obtained results, the phenotypic dendrogram was constructed by the SSM coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, determining 23 species-groups at 89 percent similarity. Subsequently, the molecular identification of the collection was carried out using the 16S rDNA gene, with the strains that shared fingerprinting patterns like the identified species. Achieving taxonomically position 87 strains, in 14 groups-species at 80 percent similarity. As it is evident, it is necessary to complement the results obtained in this study, by means of the molecular identification of the strains that were not sequenced, to know with certainty the diversity of actinomycetes in the collection.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Determinación de la relación entre la caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de actinomicetes como mecanismo de replicación de microorganismos útiles en biotecnología
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2010)
    Vinueza Villarés, Adriana Gabriela
    ;
    Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
    Ciento treinta y tres cultivos puros de actinomicetes fueron utilizados para determinar la relación entre la caracterización fenotípica y genotípica, como mecanismos de replicación de aislamientos idénticos de actinomicetes. A partir de la taxonomía numérica de datos genotípicos fueron ubicados treinta y dos grupos especie, con un porcentaje de similaridad del 65%. En cambio, sesenta y siete grupos especie se formaron a partir de la taxonomía numérica de datos fenotípicos, con un punto de corte de similaridad del 95%. Los resultados demostraron que no existe una relación directa entre los dos tipos de datos. De los grupos especie definidos a partir del análisis de datos fenotípicos, fueron escogidos noventa y seis representantes para la determinación de producción de compuestos bioactivos. Sesenta y ocho presentaron algún tipo de actividad antimicrobiana en contra de bacterias gram positivas, bacterias gram negativas, Fusarium y Botrytis. Además, se encontró actividad antimicrobiana específica, así, once cepas mostraron capacidad solamente bactericida, siete antifúngica y quince mostraron un amplio espectro de acción al inhibir el crecimiento tanto de bacterias como de los hongos estudiados. Algunos actinomicetes presentaron actividades muy definidas, ya que cuatro actuaron solamente en contra de bacterias gram positivas, ocho frente a gram negativas, dos contra Botritys y seis frente Fusarium. Muchos de los antibióticos producidos por los actinomicetes en estudio fueron igual o más eficientes que los antibióticos usados como control experimental. Los resultados demuestran que el uso de taxonomía numérica de datos fenotípicos permite escoger cultivos representativos de actinomicetes para determinar su capacidad de producir antibióticos. Además, se han obtenido resultados promisorios que probablemente permitirán el desarrollo de bioproductos útiles para el control de bacterias y hongos que causan enfermedades de importancia agrícola y humana.