Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Evaluación del efecto antiproliferativo de la cefalexina cargada en nanopartículas de quitosano sobre células de cáncer de próstata
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Rodríguez Guaño, Justin Damián
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Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among men worldwide, driving the search for more effective and less toxic therapeutic alternatives than conventional treatments. In this context, the present study evaluated the antiproliferative effect of cefalexin, a β-lactam antibiotic with emerging anticancer potential, nanoencapsulated in chitosan for its application in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. The nanoparticles were prepared through ionic gelation with tripolyphosphate, resulting in a stable and homogeneous nanostructured system. FT-IR characterization confirmed the drug encapsulation by the modification of characteristic bands, while encapsulation efficiency and drug content demonstrated that the system retains a significant amount of cefalexin. SEM microscopy revealed spherical nanoparticles with a uniform surface, reaffirming the quality of the nanocarrier. In biological assays, free cefalexin showed antiproliferative capacity dependent on concentration and time; however, its nanoencapsulated version achieved a significantly greater cytotoxic effect. Cells treated with nanoparticles showed a notable reduction in viability, along with morphological alterations characteristic of apoptosis and necrosis, confirming better internalization and effective drug release. Higher concentrations caused severe cellular damage, demonstrating that the cefalexin-chitosan combination enhances anticancer activity against the PC-3 cell line. These results demonstrate that the nanoencapsulation of cefalexin in chitosan substantially improves its antiproliferative activity, positioning this system as a promising candidate in the fields of drug repositioning and oncological nanomedicine.
Caracterización biológica de andamios elaborados con policaprolactona y quitosano mediante lixiviación de microesferas. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante la Resolución: UTA-CONIN-2025-0029-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Ramos Llagua Wendy Sabrina
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Núñez Villacís Lorena de los Ángeles
This research focuses on the development and biological characterization of scaffolds (BS) composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (Q), materials widely studied for their biocompatibility and potential in bone tissue engineering. The main objective was to construct scaffolds by combining synthetic and natural biopolymers, evaluating their hemocompatible behavior and their potential for future applications in cell culture. The methodology included the production of BS using solvent molding techniques, with the use of gelatin microspheres as porogenic agents to induce porosity. Their morphology was characterized before and after leaching, revealing an interconnected porous structure, crucial for nutrient transport and cell anchoring. Physicochemical properties and biological tests were evaluated, highlighting the blood coagulation index (BCI) as a relevant parameter for determining interaction with blood components. The BCI results indicated a favorable interaction, with values within the acceptable ranges established by previous studies (e.g., Kim et al., 2007), suggesting that the ABs do not induce excessive thrombogenicity. Furthermore, hemolysis and platelet adhesion assays were performed, supporting the compatibility of the scaffolds with the hematological system. Together, these findings reveal that the PCL-Q scaffolds possess morphological and biological characteristics suitable for future applications in bone regeneration. This study lays the groundwork for further research with cell lines and in vivo studies, consolidating the potential of these biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine.
Caracterización biológica de andamios elaborados con nanocelulosa vegetal y quitosano. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante la Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2025-0029-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Páez Vayas Sebastián Patricio
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Núñez Villacís Lorena de los Ángeles
This research focuses on the study of biological scaffolds, which are considered three-dimensional structures that mimic the support of the extracellular matrix, facilitating cell proliferation and adhesion. The main objective was the biological characterization of scaffolds made from plant-derived nanocellulose and chitosan through hemostatic assays. The methodology was experimental, since the hemostatic indices of the proposed scaffolds were previously unknown. Therefore, tests were conducted for the first time, varying the concentration of the polymer solution to determine the optimal formulation for scaffold development as a three-dimensional model for culturing prostate cancer cell lines. The study followed a mixed-methods approach: qualitatively, the scaffolds were evaluated in terms of shape, consistency, and size; quantitatively, six hemostatic tests were conducted—degradation, maximum swelling, coagulation index, hemolysis, red blood cell adhesion, and platelet adhesion. Results showed that scaffolds with higher chitosan concentrations exhibited better structural integrity and more efficient performance in the assays, whereas those with lower concentrations were fragile and displayed suboptimal ranges for use as 3D models in cell culture.
Elaboración de andamios biológicos mediante lixiviación de microesferas para aplicaciones biomédicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
Freire Galarza, Melissa Belen
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Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
Bone defects are one of the main global health problems, and the scarcity of conventional substitutes to treat this deficiency is a clinical disadvantage. Thus, bone tissue engineering (BTE) through the combination of cells, growth factors and scaffolds has emerged as a promising alternative in the regeneration of functional tissues. In this study, chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) biological scaffolds (ABs) were prepared by leaching gelatin microspheres at different concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 percent in order to evaluate their impact on morphological, mechanical and biological properties. Macroporous and microporous scaffolds (90 to 600 micrometers) were obtained, the scaffolds with a higher concentration of microspheres presented a porosity of 85.29 percent, proving to be more favorable on the other properties of the ABs, with a water vapor transmission rate of 117. 18 grams per square meter per-24 hours, a water absorption capacity of 249.02 percent and a biodegradability of 31.09 and 54.41 percent in simulated body fluid (SBF), and blood plasma respectively, differing only in mechanical properties with a modulus of elasticity of 386.70 kilopascals, which indicated a lower stiffness of the material. The resulting ABs demonstrated suitable properties that can be applied in ITO, depending on the characteristics, scaffolds with higher porosity for spongy bones and rapid cell integration, and scaffolds with lower porosity for dense bones requiring higher mechanical strength.
Extracción de celulosa a partir de estiércol de vaca y conejo mediante procesos fisicoquímicos y mecánicos para la elaboración de filtros
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Paredes Cruz, Eder Ariel
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Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Cellulose, a highly bioavailable polymer, is primarily obtained from wood species, with a projected global demand of 142 billion tons by 2030. This increase in consumption, driven by various industries, poses risks to biodiversity due to forest expansion. To address this issue, the feasibility of extracting cellulose from manure generated by the livestock and rabbit farming sector was explored. The cellulose recovery from manure was carried out using the alkaline pulping method with sodium hydroxide; a pressing process was employed for the production of cellulose filters. Additionally, the filters underwent various feasibility tests to demonstrate their efficiency. Despite the challenges of the process, cellulose extraction yields of 45.07 percent, 32.18 percent, and 40 percent were achieved from rabbit, cow, and a mixture of both manures, respectively. The cellulose pulp exhibited optimal pH values between 7.9 and 8.20, with alpha cellulose contents exceeding 75 percent in all three treatments. The filters-maintained sterility with optimal levels of moisture (less than 1 percent) and ashes (less than 4.5 percent) over time. IR spectra indicated similarities with commercial cellulose, with variations attributable to the animal diet and intestinal microbiota. Ultimately, the filters demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 81 percent in retaining particles larger than 0.0625 mm.
Extracción de nanocelulosa vegetal a partir de residuos de banano (Musa paradisiaca) y su aplicación en andamios biológicos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Núñez Martínez, Kimberlyn Carolina
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Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
The wound healing process is highly complex and alterations in its pathway can cause severe scenarios with high economic cost. Tissue Engineering (TE) combines cells, scaffolds, and growth factors to give rise to new tissue. Scaffolds function as a support for cell growth and are fabricated with synthetic or natural biopolymers. Nanocellulose is a natural polymer that can be obtained from renewable sources, such as banana waste. This study focused on the extraction of nanocellulose from banana waste and its subsequent application in the fabrication of biological scaffolds for future research in the healing of chronic wounds. Banana nanocellulose was extracted by hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and ultrasound. Its morphology was evaluated by inverted light microscopy and SEM. In addition, the main functional groups present in nanocellulose were analyzed by FTIR. Subsequently, nanocellulose, chitosan, and nanocellulose whit chitosan scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying in order to evaluate the characteristics of nanocellulose versus other biopolymers. Scaffolds were then evaluated by SEM, porosity tests, water absorption capacity and biodegradability tests. A yield of 23.8 percent of extracted nanocellulose was obtained. The scaffolds composite of nanocellulose and chitosan showed the best results with an average pore size of 110.13 micrometers with 88.94 percent. porosity, 2418.32 percent of water adsorption and an ability to degrade in 16 days. The results, suggest that these scaffold have potential to be applied in TE research related to wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Desarrollo de biopelículas degradables a partir de harina de fruta de pan (Artocarpus altilis)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-02)
Galarza Sanabria, Inés Abigail
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Moreno Toasa, Gabriel Alejandro
Research on the development of degradable biofilms from breadfruit flour (Artocarpus altilis) is of crucial importance in the current context of environmental concern and sustainability. With the growing problem of plastic pollution, biofilms offer a promising and eco-friendly alternative. Breadfruit flour, an abundant natural source, is presented as a valuable resource for the manufacture of these biodegradable films, providing a sustainable solution to mitigate the negative environmental impact of conventional plastics. Regarding the methodology, the process of developing biofilms from breadfruit flour involves the extraction and processing of the flour to obtain the appropriate components. The resulting mixture is used to form biodegradable films using specific techniques. The research addresses the optimization of these processes with the use of glycerol as a natural plasticizer, evaluating properties such as mechanical resistance, degradability and barrier capacity of biofilms. The research highlights the success in obtaining degradable biofilms using breadfruit flour and glycerol that exhibit adequate mechanical and barrier properties, suggesting their potential application in packaging and similar products. Furthermore, the degradability of biofilms opens the door to more sustainable solutions to the problem of plastic waste. Taken together, the results support the feasibility and importance of using breadfruit flour in biofilm manufacturing as a promising alternative in the fight against plastic pollution.
Caracterización in vitro de andamios biológicos elaborados a partir de biopolímeros naturales para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09)
Ramírez Manzano, Víctor Xavier
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Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
The shortage of organ donors and the lack of techniques to regenerate injured tissues pose a challenge worldwide, making tissue engineering a promising alternative. In this discipline, cells, biological scaffolds, and factors are combined to generate functional tissues. This study focused on the development and characterization of scaffolds made from natural biopolymers, as these provide the basis for cell adhesion and proliferation. Collagen, chitosan, and collagen - chitosan (hybrid) scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization. Their morphology was evaluated by SEM (porosity) and ethanol infiltration (porosity percentage). In addition, hemocompatibility was characterized by swelling, clotting index, hemolysis, and red blood cell and platelet adhesion tests. The results showed that the hybrid scaffold has the best properties and is the most suitable for future research. However, it is proposed to use the collagen scaffold for epithelial tissue studies, the chitosan scaffold for bone and cartilage tissues, and the hybrid scaffold for bone, cartilage, and connective tissues. Future studies will evaluate the bioactivity of the scaffolds with cells, therefore, to ensure sterility of the scaffolds for cell culture, two sterilization methods were investigated: ultraviolet irradiation and ethanol (65-70 percent). UV light proved to be the best method due to the time required and ease of use. In conclusion, the characterization carried out on the ABs suggests that they possess adequate characteristics for future investigations related to tissue development; however, the collagen - chitosan scaffold presents better morphological characteristics. These ABs will be used in future evaluations of cell growth and proliferation.
Caracterización in vitro de andamios biológicos elaborados a partir de biopolímeros naturales para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09)
Piñaloza Vásconez, Leslie de los Ángeles
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Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
The shortage of organ donors and the lack of techniques to regenerate injured tissues pose a challenge worldwide, making tissue engineering a promising alternative. In this discipline, cells, biological scaffolds, and factors are combined to generate functional tissues. This study focused on the development and characterization of scaffolds made from natural biopolymers, as these provide the basis for cell adhesion and proliferation. Collagen, chitosan, and collagen - chitosan (hybrid) scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization. Their morphology was evaluated by SEM (porosity) and ethanol infiltration (porosity percentage). In addition, hemocompatibility was characterized by swelling, clotting index, hemolysis, and red blood cell and platelet adhesion tests. The results showed that the hybrid scaffold has the best properties and is the most suitable for future research. However, it is proposed to use the collagen scaffold for epithelial tissue studies, the chitosan scaffold for bone and cartilage tissues, and the hybrid scaffold for bone, cartilage, and connective tissues. Future studies will evaluate the bioactivity of the scaffolds with cells, therefore, to ensure sterility of the scaffolds for cell culture, two sterilization methods were investigated: ultraviolet irradiation and ethanol (65-70 percent). UV light proved to be the best method due to the time required and ease of use. In conclusion, the characterization carried out on the ABs suggests that they possess adequate characteristics for future investigations related to tissue development; however, the collagen - chitosan scaffold presents better morphological characteristics. These ABs will be used in future evaluations of cell growth and proliferation.
Elaboración de andamios biológicos a partir de biopolímeros naturales mediante métodos manuales y bioimpresión 3D para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09)
Guáitara Martínez, Sandro Daniel
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Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
There are thousands of patients with injuries that cannot be adequately treated, making tissue engineering a great alternative. Although it is not limited only to this because it can also be suitable for the development of drugs and the study of diseases. The aim of this research is to elaborate different scaffolds with potential applications in tissue engineering, using natural polymers. For this purpose, freeze-drying as a manual method and 3D bioprinting were used. The solutions for the scaffolds were elaborated by dissolving chitosan and collagen in acetic acid and mixing them with an agarose solution in PBS; these solutions were freeze-dried to obtain dry and porous scaffolds. For the 3D bioprinter, the solutions were printed in the form of 4 cm square squares, with a mesh inside. They were evaluated by SEM in order to measure the pore size and analyze their surface area. Using the ethanol infiltration method, a better understanding of the pores was obtained. Water absorption capacity tests were performed. Due to the importance of biodegradability, it was evaluated by immersion in blood plasma for 2, 4 and 7 days. Finally, the biomineralization of the scaffolds was also evaluated in the same way as biodegradability, i.e., incubating in blood plasma. With the evaluation of the characteristics, it was analyzed for which tissues the scaffolds could be useful, which was mainly bone and dermal tissue.

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