Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

Examinar

Resultados de la búsqueda

Mostrando 1 - 10 de 11

Efecto de la alteración de la comunidad microbiana del suelo en la respuesta a estrés por sequía del maíz (Zea mays L)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Taipanta Erazo, Yadira Stefania
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
Drought is one of the most critical abiotic factors affecting agricultural production, especially in key crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), which is essential for food and economic security in countries like Ecuador. Consequently, climate change intensifies the frequency and duration of drought periods, significantly reducing crop yields and presenting considerable challenges for agriculture. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective strategies to mitigate the effects of water stress on crops. This study analyzes the impact of soil microbiota manipulation on maize’s response to water stress. To achieve this, the compounds Dazomet and Vancomycin are used, which induce fungistasis and bacterial inhibition under controlled conditions. Maize plants are grown in soil treated with these compounds, and physiological parameters such as relative water content and proline accumulation, which are indicators of water stress, are subsequently evaluated. The results show that treatment with Dazomet and Vancomycin enhances maize tolerance to water stress, improving water retention and proline accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of soil microbiota in plant adaptation to drought, suggesting that manipulating these microbial communities could constitute an effective strategy to enhance crop resilience in the face of water scarcity.
Uso de los residuos de cultivo in vitro de plantas como potencial fertilizante para Tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) y Tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Pérez Guerra, Carlos Sebastián
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
In vitro culture laboratories are key tools for the mass propagation of plants; however, they generate large amounts of waste rich in agar, nutrients, and growth regulators that, despite their agronomic potential, are typically discarded as biological waste. In response to this issue, the present study aims to evaluate the use of in vitro culture waste as a potential liquid fertilizer for kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) To this end, agar waste from micropropagation processes was collected, treated, diluted, sterilized, and packaged to produce the liquid fertilizer. Subsequently, its composition was characterized using photometry, a technique that quantifies chemical compounds through absorbance measurement, and its effect on plants was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The analysis revealed high concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur in the form of sulfates, manganese, and zinc compared to commercial fertilizers. Additionally, treated seeds and plants exhibited higher germination percentages, greater numbers of true leaves, uniform leaf growth, and improved root development. These results demonstrate the significant potential of in vitro culture waste as a sustainable alternative for plant nutrition, offering a viable and ecological option for agricultural waste management. Furthermore, the reuse of these wastes not only reduces their environmental impact but also contributes to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices.
Uso de los residuos de cultivo in vitro de plantas como potencial fertilizante para Tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) y Tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Jiménez Robles, Mayte Carolina
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
In vitro culture laboratories are key tools for the mass propagation of plants; however, they generate large amounts of waste rich in agar, nutrients, and growth regulators that, despite their agronomic potential, are typically discarded as biological waste. In response to this issue, the present study aims to evaluate the use of in vitro culture waste as a potential liquid fertilizer for kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) To this end, agar waste from micropropagation processes was collected, treated, diluted, sterilized, and packaged to produce the liquid fertilizer. Subsequently, its composition was characterized using photometry, a technique that quantifies chemical compounds through absorbance measurement, and its effect on plants was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The analysis revealed high concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur in the form of sulfates, manganese, and zinc compared to commercial fertilizers. Additionally, treated seeds and plants exhibited higher germination percentages, greater numbers of true leaves, uniform leaf growth, and improved root development. These results demonstrate the significant potential of in vitro culture waste as a sustainable alternative for plant nutrition, offering a viable and ecological option for agricultural waste management. Furthermore, the reuse of these wastes not only reduces their environmental impact but also contributes to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices.
Bioprospección de bacteriófagos líticos contra bacterias patógenas causantes de marchitez bacteriana en cultivos selectos de tomate riñón en Tungurahua. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2023-0294-R.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Orozco Burbano, Erika Tatiana
;
Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
Bacterial wilt is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide, caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria in soil and plants. It mainly affects the Solanaceae family, including tomato crops, causing large economic losses due to the destruction of crops. In this study, bacteria present in crops with bacterial wilt symptoms of tomato crops in Tungurahua were isolated, identified and characterized. Biochemical and morphological tests were performed to rule out strains of no interest in the study. A MALDI-ToF analysis was then performed in order to identify the pathogen strains causing the disease. K. cowanii and C. flaccumfaciens were found to be the main plant pathogenic bacteria in the area. Additionally, 20 bacteriophages present in soil samples with different types of morphology were isolated and purified, only against K. cowanii, due to the absence of bacteriophages for C. flaccumfaciens. By performing the drop test with different bacterial hosts, it was shown that the isolated bacteriophages have a high specific lytic capacity for K. cowanii and do not present any risk against beneficial bacteria. Bioprospecting of the bacteriophages found suggests their use as a potential biological control agent against important phytopathogenic diseases such as bacterial wilt. The results obtained highlight the use of bacteriophages as a sustainable alternative benefiting the agricultural systems of the province of Tungurahua.
Bioprospección de bacteriófagos líticos contra bacterias patógenas causantes de marchitez bacteriana en cultivos selectos de tomate riñón en Tungurahua. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2023-0294-R.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Altamirano Chérrez, Edgar Ricardo
;
Calero Cáceres William Ricardo
Bacterial wilt is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide, caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria in soil and plants. It mainly affects the Solanaceae family, including tomato crops, causing large economic losses due to the destruction of crops. In this study, bacteria present in crops with bacterial wilt symptoms of tomato crops in Tungurahua were isolated, identified and characterized. Biochemical and morphological tests were performed to rule out strains of no interest in the study. A MALDI-ToF analysis was then performed in order to identify the pathogen strains causing the disease. K. cowanii and C. flaccumfaciens were found to be the main plant pathogenic bacteria in the area. Additionally, 20 bacteriophages present in soil samples with different types of morphology were isolated and purified, only against K. cowanii, due to the absence of bacteriophages for C. flaccumfaciens. By performing the drop test with different bacterial hosts, it was shown that the isolated bacteriophages have a high specific lytic capacity for K. cowanii and do not present any risk against beneficial bacteria. Bioprospecting of the bacteriophages found suggests their use as a potential biological control agent against important phytopathogenic diseases such as bacterial wilt. The results obtained highlight the use of bacteriophages as a sustainable alternative benefiting the agricultural systems of the province of Tungurahua.
Evaluación de cultivos resilientes al cambio climático como una medida de adaptación para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria en la provincia de Tungurahua en los cantones Mocha, Tisaleo y Píllaro
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-09)
Guananga Sisa, Rosa Gabriela
;
Franco Crespo, Christian David
Agricultural resilience over time has been adapting its recovery capacity to different weather changes to offer a guarantee of food security. These crops take advantage of biodiversity, organic fertilizers, agroforestry systems, in order to better adapt to stress and pests caused by some climatic variability, generating the necessary nutrients and resistance to pests, since by using organic fertilizers, they provide greater protection to the roots of the plants. In this research, a mixed methodology was used, where a bibliographical-documentary review of the resilience of blackberry, potato, corn and tree tomato crops in the cantons of Pillaro, Tisaleo and Mocha was initially carried out using databases such as: Scielo, MDPI, NCBI, Elsevier, among others, then an analysis of the data obtained from surveys carried out previously with 244 farmers from the 3 cantons considering 4 factors: sociodemographic, agriculture, climate change and food security, for the analysis of the data the statistical program SPSS V25 was used, which allowed the analysis of 30 variables, obtaining the relationship of the variables through Speraman's Rho and Anova. Finally, using the multiple linear regression model, a determination coefficient of 0.1 was determined, evidencing a relationship between food security and the significant variables and determining that the blackberry crop presents the best resilience characteristics for climate change, with the decrease in harvest due to drought being the factor that most influences food security.
Caracterización del contenido en nutrientes y metales pesados en lodos provenientes de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de Ambato (PTAR)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03)
Sánchez Lascano, Alison Verónica
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
Sustainable soil management is a priority for food production and environmental protection; therefore, sewage sludge becomes an agricultural management strategy to improve soil properties. This is the reason why, the centrifuge sludge and solidified sludge from the PTAR-Ambato were characterized based on their physicochemical characteristics (moisture content, organic matter and pH), heavy metal content (Cr, Pb, Cd, As, Co, Ni, Al) and nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). Through the maximum and minimum limits analysis, established in the current environmental regulations, the use of residual sludge in agriculture was measured. Indeed, the high content of nutrients (percentage) N, P and K with 3.05, 2.15 and 0.77 in centrifuge sludge; and 0.92, 41.27 and 1.01, in solidified sludge, respectively, make it a potential resource for nutrient recycling. However, the high moisture content (percentage) with 389.61 and 70.56, the low organic matter content (percentage) with 10.97 and 0.68 in centrifuge sludge and solidified sludge, respectively, as well as the high content of heavy metals (milligram per kilogram) such as elemental aluminum with 759.43 and hexavalent chromium with 82.68 limit their use in agriculture. In conclusion, residual sludge from the PTAR-Ambato could be stabilized before final disposal by prolonged alkalinization, composting or vermicomposting to obtain a product suitable for agriculture.
Evaluación integral de la sostenibilidad de la cadena productiva de mora en Píllaro en apoyo a la agenda de estrategia agropecuaria de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-03)
Uño Reinoso, Karla Pamela
;
Moreno Miranda, Carlos Santiago
The present research work aims to comprehensively evaluate the sustainability of the blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) production chain in the canton of Píllaro in support of the agricultural strategy agenda of Tungurahua.The methodology used included social, economic and environmental factors of the production chain. The study area was characterized by mapping the stages, actors, activities (primary and support), flows and prices of the production chain. A survey was also conducted to collect information from 512 blackberry producers. To analyze the data, the multivariate statistical method of principal component analysis was applied using SPSS software, which includes an analysis of correlation and standardization of the variables. Once the components of each dimension (environmental, social and economic) were obtained, a synthetic indicator showing the triple-impact performance of the production chain was constructed. According to the results obtained, blackberry production in the canton of Píllaro is quite conventional. Most of the producers are women, with primary education, who work their crops manually and use organic matter instead of chemical fertilizers. As a result, blackberry production has no impact on the environment. However, producers have yield problems and post-harvest losses caused by the type of packaging and transportation, which affect their income. Therefore, they require training in Good Agricultural Practices to improve their economic performance.
Evaluación del contenido de Isotiocianatos de los extractos vegetales de mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), mostaza (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) y mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) y su actividad nematicida in vitro para el control de Meloidogyne
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12)
Lara Moya, Luis Marcelo
;
Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro Pablo
The amount of isothiocyanates present in alcoholic and aqueous plant extracts of Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), Mustard (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and Mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) was quantified. The solvents used for extraction were 96 percent ethanol and distilled water. The statistical analysis used was an AXB factorial design. The hydroalcoholic extract of Raphanus raphanistrum L. obtained the highest concentration of isothiocyanate (535,410 ug for ml) and percentage yield (30.67 percent). Same as its in vitro nematicide capacity was assessed against nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne at stage J2 at different concentrations (100, 50, 75, 50, 25, 15, 10, and 5 percent v / v), an absolute control (water distilled) and a chemical control (Metam sodium 1µl for 1L of distilled water) for 48 hours. The concentration with the greatest effect and the shortest time was 100 percent, which reduced the population by 93.33 more less 2.89 percent in the first two hours of exposure and 100 percent mortality at four hours. The assessment of the damage caused to the nematodes was carried out by optical microscopy, observing the internal damages (black-colored bulges) and external damages (detachment of its epidermis). The results obtained in the experimentation were satisfactory, demonstrating that there are new alternatives for the creation of nematicides of organic origin that do not cause damage to the environment and have the same effect as a nematicide of synthetic origin.
Evaluación de la incidencia de la aplicación foliar de un biofertilizante elaborado a base de frutas en el nivel de clorofila a y b y en la calidad del follaje de tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum L.), fresa (Fragaria vesca), y rosas (Rosae sp.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2014)
Quinde Ortiz, Andrea Fernanda
;
Acurio Arcos, Liliana Patricia
Se evaluó la influencia de la aplicación de un fertilizante biológico a base de frutas en el incremento de clorofila a y b, y la calidad obtenida en el follaje de tres especies vegetales: tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum L.), fresa (Fragaria vesca), y rosas (Rosae sp.). Se evaluaron seis formulaciones distintas. Tres formulaciones contenían papaya, babaco, banano, melón, y naranja en un 10% cada una y un 50% de melaza fermentándose una durante 7 días, otra 14 días y otra 21 días, las otras tres formulaciones contenían papaya, babaco, banano, melón, y naranja en un 9.5% cada una, un 50% de melaza y 1.25% de toronjil y manzanilla, que son hierbas medicinales, fermentándose también una durante 7 días, otra 14 días y otra 21 días. La concentración de cada formulación era de 4 mL/L de agua. La aplicación se hizo desde el día diez después de la plantación hasta el día 36 de su desarrollo, cada 7 días. En cada aplicación cada planta recibió aproximadamente 110 mL de solución del biofertilizante. Los resultados mostraron que la mejor formulación fue la elaborada a base de frutas sin hierbas medicinales y fermentada durante 14 días. Las especies vegetales mostraron un incremento significativo en los niveles de clorofila a y b, además de mejorar porcentualmente otros parámetros como el tamaño del tallo, longitud, anchura, y color de las hojas, y la reducción de defectos con respecto a los testigos, logrando una mejor calidad de follaje.

Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

Examinar

Filtros

Ajustes

Ordenar por

resultados por página

Resultados de la búsqueda