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Análisis comparativo nutricional del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y mora (Rubus ulmifolius) de origen orgánico y agroquímico
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2022-09)
Camino Torres, Mary Joseph
;
Franco Crespo, Christian David
In the present study, a segment of the agri-food sector is analyzed from the comparison of products that are classified as organic vegetables and those of conventional origin. For this reason, it is important to raise awareness of the availability of healthy and wholesome foods that are currently gaining greater support from the population. The investigation worked with two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius) products, to which physical-chemical and proximal analyzes were carried out in order to analyze the differences that exist in the nutritional quality of a product of organic origin and a conventional product where agrochemicals are used. It is important to mention that organic products suffer from pest stress, which is why they activate defense mechanisms to increase vitamin levels; In the case of conventional products, this does not happen because when applying chemical substances, they help to eliminate existing pests. The results showed that organic products have different nutritional characteristics than conventional products. However, these differences do not show statistical significance. In addition, it was shown that organic products have higher levels of lycopene because the skin of food is richer in pigments, this carotenoid is more concentrated in the skin of organic fruits. Organic blackberries contain higher values of vitamins, benefiting the health of those who consume them, since the opposite happens in conventional products, since the excessive use of agrochemicals is causing different types of diseases in people who have long-term problems.
Evaluación del contenido de Isotiocianatos de los extractos vegetales de mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), mostaza (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) y mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) y su actividad nematicida in vitro para el control de Meloidogyne
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12)
Lara Moya, Luis Marcelo
;
Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro Pablo
The amount of isothiocyanates present in alcoholic and aqueous plant extracts of Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), Mustard (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and Mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) was quantified. The solvents used for extraction were 96 percent ethanol and distilled water. The statistical analysis used was an AXB factorial design. The hydroalcoholic extract of Raphanus raphanistrum L. obtained the highest concentration of isothiocyanate (535,410 ug for ml) and percentage yield (30.67 percent). Same as its in vitro nematicide capacity was assessed against nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne at stage J2 at different concentrations (100, 50, 75, 50, 25, 15, 10, and 5 percent v / v), an absolute control (water distilled) and a chemical control (Metam sodium 1µl for 1L of distilled water) for 48 hours. The concentration with the greatest effect and the shortest time was 100 percent, which reduced the population by 93.33 more less 2.89 percent in the first two hours of exposure and 100 percent mortality at four hours. The assessment of the damage caused to the nematodes was carried out by optical microscopy, observing the internal damages (black-colored bulges) and external damages (detachment of its epidermis). The results obtained in the experimentation were satisfactory, demonstrating that there are new alternatives for the creation of nematicides of organic origin that do not cause damage to the environment and have the same effect as a nematicide of synthetic origin.
Evaluación de la incidencia de la aplicación foliar de un biofertilizante elaborado a base de frutas en el nivel de clorofila a y b y en la calidad del follaje de tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum L.), fresa (Fragaria vesca), y rosas (Rosae sp.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2014)
Quinde Ortiz, Andrea Fernanda
;
Acurio Arcos, Liliana Patricia
Se evaluó la influencia de la aplicación de un fertilizante biológico a base de frutas en el incremento de clorofila a y b, y la calidad obtenida en el follaje de tres especies vegetales: tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum L.), fresa (Fragaria vesca), y rosas (Rosae sp.). Se evaluaron seis formulaciones distintas. Tres formulaciones contenían papaya, babaco, banano, melón, y naranja en un 10% cada una y un 50% de melaza fermentándose una durante 7 días, otra 14 días y otra 21 días, las otras tres formulaciones contenían papaya, babaco, banano, melón, y naranja en un 9.5% cada una, un 50% de melaza y 1.25% de toronjil y manzanilla, que son hierbas medicinales, fermentándose también una durante 7 días, otra 14 días y otra 21 días. La concentración de cada formulación era de 4 mL/L de agua. La aplicación se hizo desde el día diez después de la plantación hasta el día 36 de su desarrollo, cada 7 días. En cada aplicación cada planta recibió aproximadamente 110 mL de solución del biofertilizante. Los resultados mostraron que la mejor formulación fue la elaborada a base de frutas sin hierbas medicinales y fermentada durante 14 días. Las especies vegetales mostraron un incremento significativo en los niveles de clorofila a y b, además de mejorar porcentualmente otros parámetros como el tamaño del tallo, longitud, anchura, y color de las hojas, y la reducción de defectos con respecto a los testigos, logrando una mejor calidad de follaje.

Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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