Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Evaluación de compuestos bioactivos a partir de microorganismos endófitos para el control de enfermedades por hongos fitopatógenos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Quisnia Aldas, Angeles Monserrath
;
Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
The present research addresses the problem of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, which are responsible for significant losses in agricultural production and impacts on food security, generating growing interest in the development of sustainable biological strategies. Bioactive compounds produced by endophytic microorganisms isolated from medicinal plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon represent an alternative for the control of agriculturally relevant pathogens. A microbial bank of 104 endophytes was isolated and characterized, including 43 bacteria and 61 fungi. Among these, the isolates BEC-024 (Bacillus subtilis) and BEC-012 (Bacillus velezensis) showed the highest antagonistic potential against Alternaria spp., Botrytis spp., Fusarium spp., and Phoma spp., with larger inhibition halos and a broad spectrum of action. Metabolic expression under optimized conditions enabled the production of bioactive metabolites with high inhibitory activity, particularly in formula F3, composed of broad bean flour and glucose, which promoted mycelial inhibition against all evaluated pathogens. Subsequently, the compounds were concentrated and microencapsulated by spray drying using maltodextrin, obtaining an improved product. These findings demonstrate that the selected endophytes constitute an effective source of bioactive metabolites, whose microencapsulation enhances their stability and antifungal effect. The results suggest the application of these compounds as a biological alternative for the protection of agricultural crops, promoting sustainable, safe, and low-environmental-impact strategies against phytopathogenic fungi, thereby contributing to food security and the development of more responsible agricultural practices.
Evaluación del potencial biotecnológico de la cáscara de plátano verde (Musa spp.) como sustrato alternativo para el cultivo de hongos comestibles y medicinales melena de león (Hericium erinaceus) y cola de pavo (Trametes versicolor)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Mayorga Salazar, Jonathan Mateo
;
Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
The utilization of agro-industrial waste has become a necessity due to the environmental impact of its accumulation and improper disposal. Among these materials, green banana peel (Musa spp.) stands out for its lignocellulosic compound content, which could be used as raw material in various biotechnological processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its potential as an alternative substrate for cultivating the fungi Hericium erinaceus (lion's mane) and Trametes versicolor (turkey tail). To this end, substrates were formulated with different proportions of green banana peel and sawdust. These substrates were characterized, conditioned, and subsequently inoculated with mycelium of both species. Throughout the experiment, fungal growth was monitored by evaluating the rate and percentage of colonization, as well as the adaptability of each fungus to the different formulations studied. The results obtained demonstrated that green banana peel can be used as a substrate component for the growth of both species, although differences in colonization behavior were observed depending on the proportion used and the species evaluated. These responses were related to the characteristics of each fungus and the composition of the lignocellulosic material used. In general, the treatments evaluated confirmed that this agro-industrial waste has favorable characteristics for use in fungal cultivation processes.
Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de canela (cinnamomum verum) y clavo de olor (syzygium aromaticum) frente a cepas de Candida sp., Aspergillus sp. y Fusarium sp.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-07)
Aviles Vega, Patricio Israel
;
Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
This research highlights the importance of using natural alternatives, such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) extracts, for the control of pathogenic and filamentous fungi due to their well-recognized antifungal potential. These extracts contain bioactive compounds, such as cinnamaldehyde and eugenol, which affect the integrity of fungal cell membranes and walls, disrupting essential processes for their growth and survival, making them sustainable options compared to synthetic antifungals. To evaluate their effectiveness, extracts were obtained using Soxhlet and hydroalcoholic methods, ensuring adequate yield and preservation of active metabolites. Subsequently, antifungal activity was assessed using 96-well microplates, where the inhibition of Candida albicans, Fusarium sp., and Aspergillus sp. growth was observed at different concentrations, allowing for the precise determination of both the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The results demonstrated that the concentrated extracts significantly inhibited the growth of the evaluated fungi, with variations depending on the species and the extraction method used, evidencing that both chemical composition and extraction technique directly influence antifungal activity.
Efecto de la alteración de la comunidad microbiana del suelo en la respuesta a estrés por sequía del maíz (Zea mays L)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Taipanta Erazo, Yadira Stefania
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Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
Drought is one of the most critical abiotic factors affecting agricultural production, especially in key crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), which is essential for food and economic security in countries like Ecuador. Consequently, climate change intensifies the frequency and duration of drought periods, significantly reducing crop yields and presenting considerable challenges for agriculture. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective strategies to mitigate the effects of water stress on crops. This study analyzes the impact of soil microbiota manipulation on maize’s response to water stress. To achieve this, the compounds Dazomet and Vancomycin are used, which induce fungistasis and bacterial inhibition under controlled conditions. Maize plants are grown in soil treated with these compounds, and physiological parameters such as relative water content and proline accumulation, which are indicators of water stress, are subsequently evaluated. The results show that treatment with Dazomet and Vancomycin enhances maize tolerance to water stress, improving water retention and proline accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of soil microbiota in plant adaptation to drought, suggesting that manipulating these microbial communities could constitute an effective strategy to enhance crop resilience in the face of water scarcity.
Efecto de la aplicación de una comunidad microbiana de un suelo con historial de sequía en la arquitectura radicular del maíz (Zea mays) bajo estrés por sequía
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Sulqui Zumbana, Wellington Mauricio
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
Drought represents the main abiotic threat to global food security, drastically impacting corn (Zea mays) productivity. Faced with this challenge, the use of beneficial microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere emerges as a key biotechnological strategy. The overall objective of this research project was to analyze the effect of applying a microbial community native to soil with a history of drought on the root system architecture (RSA) of corn under water stress. The methodology was implemented under controlled greenhouse conditions, with an experimental design that involved testing treatments inoculated with the native microbial community compared to sterile controls, all subjected to irrigation suspension upon reaching the V5 phenological stage. The study focused on determining root architecture parameters through image analysis (Rhizo Vision Explorer and Image J) to quantify morphological plasticity and hydraulic efficiency. The results showed that inoculation mitigated water stress by acting as a biostimulant that increased early plant vigor by 64 percent. Under drought conditions, inoculated plants maintained an avoidance strategy, sustaining leaf water homeostasis. This tolerance was supported by aggressive phenotypic plasticity that increased rooting depth and promoted a significant increase in the total length of lateral roots. Crucially, a hydraulic adaptation was induced that manifested itself in the expansion of the metaxylem vessels, ensuring axial conductivity and allowing an optimal balance in the root vs. shoot ratio. It is concluded that the microbial community confers a comprehensive reprogramming that combines intensive root exploration with high vascular water transport efficiency, mitigating growth failure under water deficit.
Uso de los residuos de cultivo in vitro de plantas como potencial fertilizante para Tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) y Tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Pérez Guerra, Carlos Sebastián
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Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
In vitro culture laboratories are key tools for the mass propagation of plants; however, they generate large amounts of waste rich in agar, nutrients, and growth regulators that, despite their agronomic potential, are typically discarded as biological waste. In response to this issue, the present study aims to evaluate the use of in vitro culture waste as a potential liquid fertilizer for kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) To this end, agar waste from micropropagation processes was collected, treated, diluted, sterilized, and packaged to produce the liquid fertilizer. Subsequently, its composition was characterized using photometry, a technique that quantifies chemical compounds through absorbance measurement, and its effect on plants was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The analysis revealed high concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur in the form of sulfates, manganese, and zinc compared to commercial fertilizers. Additionally, treated seeds and plants exhibited higher germination percentages, greater numbers of true leaves, uniform leaf growth, and improved root development. These results demonstrate the significant potential of in vitro culture waste as a sustainable alternative for plant nutrition, offering a viable and ecological option for agricultural waste management. Furthermore, the reuse of these wastes not only reduces their environmental impact but also contributes to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices.
Uso de los residuos de cultivo in vitro de plantas como potencial fertilizante para Tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) y Tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
Jiménez Robles, Mayte Carolina
;
Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
In vitro culture laboratories are key tools for the mass propagation of plants; however, they generate large amounts of waste rich in agar, nutrients, and growth regulators that, despite their agronomic potential, are typically discarded as biological waste. In response to this issue, the present study aims to evaluate the use of in vitro culture waste as a potential liquid fertilizer for kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) To this end, agar waste from micropropagation processes was collected, treated, diluted, sterilized, and packaged to produce the liquid fertilizer. Subsequently, its composition was characterized using photometry, a technique that quantifies chemical compounds through absorbance measurement, and its effect on plants was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The analysis revealed high concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur in the form of sulfates, manganese, and zinc compared to commercial fertilizers. Additionally, treated seeds and plants exhibited higher germination percentages, greater numbers of true leaves, uniform leaf growth, and improved root development. These results demonstrate the significant potential of in vitro culture waste as a sustainable alternative for plant nutrition, offering a viable and ecological option for agricultural waste management. Furthermore, the reuse of these wastes not only reduces their environmental impact but also contributes to the development of more sustainable agricultural practices.
Análisis proteómico in silico en la ruta de flavonoides del cacao ecuatoriano (Theobroma Cacao)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Chamorro Sevilla Patricio Javier
;
Galarza Galarza Cristian Fernando
This study presents an in silico proteomic analysis of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Theobroma cacao, focusing on the key enzymes involved in this process. Flavonoids are bioactive compounds in cacao that offer various health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties. The objective of this research is to understand the genetic and functional roles of enzymes such as Chalcone Synthase (CHS), Trans-cinnamate-4-monooxygenase (C4H), and Chalcone Isomerase (CHI) in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Using bioinformatics tools like KEGG, UniProt, and STRING, enzyme sequences were identified, aligned, and analyzed for homology and protein-protein interactions. The research also utilized molecular modeling tools like AlphaFold to predict the 3D structures of these enzymes and AutoDock for docking simulations, aiming to identify potential enzyme-ligand interactions that could enhance flavonoid production. The study found that CHS, C4H, and CHI play critical roles in the conversion of precursor molecules into flavonoids and contribute to the antioxidant properties of cacao. Additionally, protein transmembrane prediction revealed specific regions involved in enzyme localization within cellular membranes. These findings provide insights into the biosynthesis of flavonoids in cacao, offering potential biotechnological applications for improving the production of bioactive compounds in cacao plants. The research contributes to the broader goal of optimizing cacao cultivation for higher nutritional value and health benefits, with implications for both agricultural practices and the food industry.
Uso de suelos supresivos como tratamiento biológico para controlar la infección de Mildiu (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.) en el cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Tapia Chicaiza Dayana Abigail
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation faces a significant threat from downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.), a disease capable of reducing yields by up to ninety percent, which represents a serious obstacle to food security in high-altitude regions. To address this issue, the use of suppressive soils as a biological treatment was proposed, offering an ecological and cost-effective alternative to synthetic fungicides. The research was conducted through a comparative analysis between suppressive and conducive soils, evaluating their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, including metagenomic analysis to identify the present microbial diversity. A bio-input was developed from the suppressive soil and evaluated through in vitro tests to determine its biocontrol capacity against P. variabilis and later validated under greenhouse conditions through inoculation in quinoa plants. The results revealed that the suppressive soil exhibited a slightly more acidic pH, higher organic matter content, and significantly greater beneficial microbial diversity, conditions that favor the establishment of antagonistic microorganisms. The formulated bio-input completely inhibited the pathogen's growth in laboratory conditions, and in greenhouse trials, the treated plants achieved one hundred percent survival, in contrast with the high mortality observed in the control groups. This confirmed that the use of suppressive soils and derived bio-inputs, supported by microbiological analysis with a metagenomic approach, represents an effective, sustainable strategy aligned with the principles of ecological agriculture for the control of downy mildew in quinoa.
Uso de suelos supresivos como tratamiento biológico para controlar la infección de Mildiu (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.) en el cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Narvaez Quilligana Leslie Nicole
;
Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRÍCOLA, FITOPATOLOGÍA, SUELOS SUPRESIVOS, CONTROL BIOLÓGICO, ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA, BIOINSUMOS, MILDIU, QUINUA, PERONOSPORA VARIABILIS Abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation faces a significant threat from downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.), a disease capable of reducing yields by up to ninety percent, which represents a serious obstacle to food security in high-altitude regions. To address this issue, the use of suppressive soils as a biological treatment was proposed, offering an ecological and cost-effective alternative to synthetic fungicides. The research was conducted through a comparative analysis between suppressive and conducive soils, evaluating their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, including metagenomic analysis to identify the present microbial diversity. A bio-input was developed from the suppressive soil and evaluated through in vitro tests to determine its biocontrol capacity against P. variabilis and later validated under greenhouse conditions through inoculation in quinoa plants. The results revealed that the suppressive soil exhibited a slightly more acidic pH, higher organic matter content, and significantly greater beneficial microbial diversity, conditions that favor the establishment of antagonistic microorganisms. The formulated bio-input completely inhibited the pathogen's growth in laboratory conditions, and in greenhouse trials, the treated plants achieved one hundred percent survival, in contrast with the high mortality observed in the control groups. This confirmed that the use of suppressive soils and derived bio-inputs, supported by microbiological analysis with a metagenomic approach, represents an effective, sustainable strategy aligned with the principles of ecological agriculture for the control of downy mildew in quinoa.

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