Ciencias Agropecuarias

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870

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Evaluación de extractos de macroalgas en el cultivo de pimiento (Capsicum annum L.), para la prevención de enfermedades foliares
(2025-08)
Barreno Morales, María Ibelia
;
Zurita Vásquez, Hernán
The cultivation of peppers (Capsicum annuum) has become an important sector in recent years, with the area under cultivation increasing by 20%, mainly in the Ecuadorian highlands under greenhouse conditions. This study was carried out in the Izamba parish of the Ambato canton, in an established 80-day-old pepper crop, two macroalgae extracts were evaluated at three different concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%), in order to prevent the presence of foliar diseases, for which three applications were made with a frequency of 15 days, before each application the variables of incidence, severity of the diseases present were recorded, using the Imagenj software to determine the severity, a record of the diseases observed, and at the end of the test the variables leaf color were recorded (using the Physics Toolbos application), and chlorophyll content, the results obtained showed that the concentrations of 5% and 10% for the two extracts are statistically significant, with the 10% concentration being the one that reports the best results, with the lowest values for incidence (6% and 4%) and severity (0.12% and 0.04%) in the third application, a color of more intense leaf and a nitrogen and chlorophyll content (6% N and 43% chlorophyll), higher than the other treatments studied, thus giving as a final result, that by using algae extracts at a concentration of 10% the plants achieve greater resistance to foliar diseases, being an alternative for pepper producers in the area under study.
Evaluación de diferentes extractos de algas en pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en etapa vegetativa
(2024-02)
Guevara Guato, Christian Welington
;
Guerrero Cando, David Aníbal
The present work is based on the application of 3 extracts of fresh water algae such as Azollae, Spirogira and Diatomea, with the application of these 3 extracts it is sought to improve the production of Capsicum annumm L bell pepper, the algae extracts contain a great amount of nitrogen and amino acids, The variables that participated in this research were number of flowers, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter and root volume. A good yield of leaf mass helps to improve crop yield, the Azollae extract achieved a greater stem diameter according to the study conducted and data collection, the Azollae extract achieved a higher efficiency with a difference of almost 1% more than the other extracts, in relation to the number of flowers the Azollae extract was the one that presented the best performance, the Azollae extract was the most efficient as it obtained better results in 3 of the 5 variables. In relation to plant height, diatomea was the most efficient, and in relation to root volume, the best extract was that of spirogyra, which showed a higher yield than azollae and diatomea extracts. Key words: seaweed extract, azollae, diatomea, spirogyra, Capsicum annumm
Evaluación de extractos vegetales de Matricaria chamomilla Y Thymus vulgaris para el control de mildiu polvoso (Erysiphe cichoracearum) en zucchini (Cucurbita pepo)
(2024-02)
Chango Sacon, Edisson Hernán
;
Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
The trial was carried out on the property of Mrs. María Sacón located in Quillan Loma in the parish of Izamba, with the objective of controlling powdery mildew in the Zucchini crop through the application of plant extracts. In this trial, a Completely Randomized Block Experimental Design (DBCA) was used with a factorial arrangement of 2 extracts and 3 doses plus 1 control (2 x 3 + 1), with three repetitions at 30, 40 and 50 days, at Significant responses were applied with the Tukey test at 5%. The variables studied were incidence, severity and incubation period. The plant extracts used were chamomile and thyme each at 3 different concentrations that were 30%, 40% and 50%. The extracts with the highest concentration were those with the greatest control. In this trial, the two treatments that led in the lowest incidence 30 days from their first application were E2D3 (71.72%) and E1D3 (73.03%), in severity E2D3 (22.36%) and E1D3 (23.13%) denote a very notable difference with respect to the control, ending with 98.03% incidence and 50.50% severity. In addition, we also have that the incubation period occurred between days 6, 7 and 8 after the transplant, reflecting that it occurred very soon, this was because favorable conditions existed for the development of this disease. Keywords: Disease, control, extracts, incidence, severity, incubation
Efecto antimicrobiano y cicatrizante de los extractos de llantén (Plantago major L.) y manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.) en orquiectomía en cerdos
(2023-09)
Santamaría Cáseres, Jéssica Sabina
;
López Villacís, Isabel Cristina
Bacterial resistance, less adverse effects and economic cost redirect the search for natural therapies. In this research the objective was to compare the antimicrobial and healing effect of plantain (Plantago major L.) and chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) extracts on surgical wounds from orchiectomy in pigs. Plant extracts were obtained by evaporating the solvent. Three treatments were used, the first group (T1) was treated with plantain extract, the second group (T2) with chamomile extract and the control group (T3) with topical gentamicin. The healing process was assessed by means of the PUSH and OSAS scales, while the microbial load was evaluated by means of the CFU/cm2 count. Statistical tests such as Kruskall Wallis, Tukey at 5% and Pearson Chi-square were used for data analysis. The bacteria identified in the orchiectomy wounds were Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. The parameters evaluated on the PUSH scale determine numerically that the use of T1 is favorable in the healing process and statistically not significant with T1, T2 and T3. While the surface area and flexibility assessed on the OSAS scale improve significantly with the use of T1 in the healing process. Regarding the antimicrobial effect, the use of T1, T2 and T3 reduced the bacterial load from 151 200 CFU/ cm2 to 72 450 CFU/ cm2. Statistically, it is not significant; however, with the use of T1 the reduction is less, going from 166 950 CFU/ cm2 to 73 500 CFU/ cm2
Evaluación de extractos vegetales para el enraizamiento de Arrayán (Luma apiculata) y Álamo (Populus alba) mediante propagación por estacas
(2022-09)
Tinta Quispilema, Karen Estefanía
;
Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
The research was carried out in Querochaca Experimental Farm, Agricultural sciences Faculty, Ambato Technical University, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, with the purpose: evaluate plant extracts for the rooting of myrtle (Luma apiculata) and poplar (Populus alba) in the propagation by cuttings because the vegetative propagation in species of native Myrtaceae and Salicaceae are scarce, mainly in the application of plant extracts of aloe, plantain, corn and lemon combined with coconut water as natural rooting under plastic cover. The treatments in the study were eight that resulted from thecombination of the factors under study, two species of cuttings and four plant extracts (aloe, plantain, corn and lemon combined with coconut water) plus a hormonal control for each species, where obtained that the rooting of cuttings in the myrtle species was 0%. A completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was used with a 2x4+2 factorial arrangement with three repetitions and Tukey's test was perform5%. Through the analysis of variance carried out in the poplar species, no statistically significant differences were recorded for the variables percentage of rooted cuttings, root length and height of the plant at 60 days, similar results were obtained for the variable number of shoots at 30, 45 and 60 days, that is, the evaluated plant extracts are statistically similar to the treatment where hormonagro was applied; on the other hand, the variables number of roots and root volume did show significant differences at 60 days, with the control poplar showing the highest average with 4.67 and 1.27 cm3, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the variable shoot length where three ranges of statistical differences were recorded, with the poplar control showing the longest shoot length with an average of 10.97 cm. The results indicate that the application of plant extracts as rooting agents is a natural alternative to the commercial hormone for propagation by cuttings in the poplar species.
Evaluación del extracto orgánico de ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium L.) en tres concentraciones para controlar el pulgón (Brevicoryne brassicae) en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Itálica)
(2022-09)
Tubon Solís, Carmen Cecilia
;
Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
The study was carried out at the experimental campus of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, in Querochaca, belonging to the Technical University of Ambato and located within the following geographical coordinates: 1º 22 ′ 02 ″ of South latitude and 78º 36 ′ 22 ″ of West longitude, with an altitude of 2850 meters above sea level. The plant material was subjected to the following conditions: average temperature of 12.7 ºC, annual precipitation of 632 mm, relative humidity of 76.1% and wind with a speed of 3.3 mm/sec. The research aimed to determine the appropriate concentration of wormwood extract to reduce aphid population (Brevicoryne brassicae) in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) crop. The factor under study was the wormwood extract used in 3 different concentrations (15%, 30% and 45%), additionally a commercial control was used. The analysis of variance was carried out in the experimental design of completely randomized blocks with 4 repetitions. The best result obtained by the Tukey tests with a significance level of 5% was the concentration of 45% (D3); the extract did not interfere with the normal development of the plant, but highly significant levels were observed for the variables incidence (82.5%) and severity (39.25%). The benefit/cost ratio showed us that the D3 treatment with the concentration at 45% obtained the best result; being this 0.26 times more than what was invested
Evaluación de extractos vegetales de manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) y tomillo (Thymus vulgaris) para el control de mildiu polvoriento (Erysiphe cichoracearum) en zucchini verde (Cucurbita pepo) sakata
(2022-08)
Torres Cunalata, Álvaro David
;
León Gordón, Olguer Alfredo
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) for the control of powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) on green zucchini, it was carried out in Atahualpa, Ambato, province of Tungurahua in an established crop of three months of age. An experimental design of completely randomized blocks (DBCA) with three replications was use; the extracts were obtained by the maceration method with three solutions of 10, 20 and 30%, compared with an absolute and a chemical control. Under field conditions, variables of incidence, severity and crop yield were evaluated. The results according to the statistical analysis at the end of 32 days after the first application showed that the best treatments were E2D3 (thyme at 30%) with values of 75.55% incidence control and 0.24% of severity, with an average yield per kilogram of fruit/ plant 1.1 kg,. Followed by E1D3 (chamomile at 30%) with 82,22% incidence control and 0,25% disease severity, with an average yield of 0,99 kg of fruit/plant. This proves that Thyme and Chamomile are plants with antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and insecticidal characteristics; their main composition is based on the content of secondary metabolites such phenolic acids, terpenes, flavonoids and saponins.
Evaluación de extractos vegetales en el control de Bactericera cockerelli en tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum), utilizando el método de termonebulización
(2022-03)
Ojeda Lluglla, Joselyn Adela
;
Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
Solanaceae currently is threatened commonly known as paratrioza or psyllid, belonging the order Hemiptera which transmit a phytoplasma into the young leaves of tree tomato. This bacterium-like organism presents symptoms such as fruit deformation, a yellowish discoloration in the plant, once this phytoplasma reaches the root, the plant begins to dry out. Due to the current problems, various factors of biological control have been presented, generating a friendly result with the environment, for which plant extracts are one of the alternatives to be used as bactericides, insecticidal fungicides, nematicides. Plants such as ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) are one of the most used to make extracts as insecticides due to their properties and benefits related. Given the importance that this pest has taken on in cultivation, the effect of aqueous plant extracts on the control of paratrioza (Bactericera cockerelli) in tree tomato crops (Solanum betaceum) was evaluated using the thermospray method. The percentage of mortality of eggs, nymphs and adults of B. cockerelli was significantly higher by the application of the T4 extract (Garlic + ginger + chili), while the rest of the extracts used had lower pest mortality. The application of different concentrations of extracts did not show significant statistical differences, however, greater mortality of B. cockerelli can be seen when applying higher concentrations of the T4 extract, which is the one that presented the best results. The application method by thermospray in the control of B. cockerelli. It is appropriate since a very high percentage of mortality was obtained with the appropriate extract. The T4 extract (Garlic + ginger + chili), showed higher mortality in eggs, nymphs and adults of B. cockerelli, so it could be used as an alternative to the use of traditional agrochemicals and could be considered in an integrated management program of this plague.
Evaluación de dos extractos como inhibidores en el desarrollo de Fusarium oxysporum in vitro
(2021-04)
Manobanda Gallo, José Enrique
;
Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
The present research aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity in vitro horsetail (Equisetum sp) and hot mustard (Synapsis alba) against the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. The test was carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in the Plant Health Laboratory belonging to the Technical University of Ambato. In the experiment for the preparation of the extracts, the extraction method by maceration was used. For the isolation and purification of the fungal material, it had several phases of which we will mention below; It was extracted from diseased plants, a humid chamber was carried out, sowing in Potato-Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated at 25 ± 2 ˚C and 70% humidity. A factorial arrangement (3x2 + 2) arranged in a Completely Random Design (DBCA) was made with three repetitions and with 5 boxes as a factor under study where the response variables were recorded, such as the percentage of mycelial inhibition and mycelial growth, The best results were obtained in the E2D3 and E1D3 treatments (hot mustard extract and 10% horsetail) where inhibition of 62.4% and 67.0% respectively was achieved. Compared with the commercial control (Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin) that obtained 100% inhibition 144 hours after taking the information. On the other hand, the growth of Fusarium oxysporum showed greater development when the concentrations of horsetail and hot mustard extracts decreased to 5%, obtaining an average growth of 6.12 mm and 5.88 mm respectively. In this way, it was concluded that the extracts have antifungal properties thanks to the presence of glucosilonates in mustard and the presence of silicic acid in horsetail, which act against Fusarium oxysporum, being considered an environmentally friendly alternative of ecological control. avoiding the indiscriminate use of chemical fungicides that cause damage to human health.
Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de extractos vegetales para el control de roya (Uromyces appendiculatus P.) en el cultivo de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
(2021-03)
Portilla Centeno, Fredy Alexander
;
Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
In Ecuador, one of the crops of greatest interest in the Andean zone is bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and one of the most common diseases is rust (Uromyces appendiculatus P.), which causes considerable production losses, it generate orange colored pustules that mainly affect the foliar area and with it the photosynthesis process of the plant. The investigation was carried out in an established plot located at an altitude of 2393 meters above sea level, latitude 1º 23 ’54’ ’and longitude 78º 28’23’ ’in Patate. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the antifungal activity of plant extracts cola de caballo (E. arvense) and chamomile (M. chamomilla) for the control of rust (U. phaseoli) applied in three different doses (10, 15 and 20%). A randomized complete block design (DBCA) with factorial arrangement (2 x 3 + 2) with three repetitions was used. Using the statistical analysis, it was possible to determine that the treatments E1C3 (20% chamomile extract) and E2C2 (15% cola de caballo extract) are those that show the lowest values in incidence with percentages of 56.11 and 55.55 % reciprocally 35 days after application, something similar occurs in severity, achieving percentages of 19.47 and 19.66% respectively. In addition, it was identified that the yield was influenced by the application doses reaching 1.33 kg in E1C3 and 1.15 kg for E2C2.

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