Ciencias Agropecuarias

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870

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Efectos de la adición de Sacha inchi en la dieta sobre parámetros bio- productivos y calidad de la canal en conejos.
(2026-01)
Tusa Moreta, Norma Guadalupe
;
Díaz Sjostrom, Pedro
his experimental study evaluated the supplementation of Sacha inchi cake (Plukenetia volubilis L.) at inclusion levels of 0%, 6%, 8%, and 10% in hybrid fattening rabbits (New Zealand × Flemish Giant), focusing on productive performance, blood profile, and carcass and meat quality. A completely randomized design was applied, with 11 rabbits per treatment. Productive variables (weight gain and feed conversion), biochemical and hematological parameters, and physicochemical properties of the meat (pH, water-holding capacity, freezing and cooking losses, texture profile analysis—TPA, shear force, moisture, dry matter, intramuscular fat, ash, and color) were measured. The research line is framed within functional nutrition and the use of non-conventional feeds for monogastric animals, exploring sustainable alternatives to soybean meal. The results demonstrate that Sacha inchi cake can be incorporated at levels of up to 10% in rabbit diets without significant alterations in productive performance or meat quality. Although most parameters did not show statistically significant changes, subtle improvements were observed, including reduced blood lipid levels, lower cooking losses, and a slight increase in meat mineralization and color saturation. These effects are attributed to the unique amino acid profile, high content of unsaturated fatty acids, and presence of bioactive compounds in Sacha inchi. Overall, these findings confirm that Sacha inchi is a viable and safe nutritional alternative capable of enriching rabbit diets and potentially improving final product quality without compromising animal health
Evaluación de dietas arbustivas sobre el comportamiento productivo y etológico en gazapos (Cavia porcellus) desde el nacimiento hasta recría I
(2024-02)
Velasteguí Zurita, Enrique Ronaldo
;
Avilés Esquivel, Diana Fernanda
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the productive and behavioral parameters in gazapos fed with bush diets, with an inclusion of 40% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), 40% chilca (Baccharis latifolia) and 40% dill (Anethum graveolens), thus forming T1, T2 and T3. Using a completely randomized block design and discrete focal sampling. Two stages were evaluated: lactation and weaning, with a duration of 15 days respectively, completing the study in 30 days. In the first stage (lactation), there was statistical significance in weaning weight, with the best treatment being T1 (263.51 g), over T3 (254.13 g) and T2 (231.25 g); no significant difference was found in the variable birth weight or weight gain at weaning. In the second stage (weaning), T1 (359.71 g) showed high statistical significance in weight at the end of rearing, over T3 (346.82 g) and T2 (330.47 g). Regarding feed conversion, T2 (3.42 g/g) stood out over TI (3.58 g/g) and T3 (3.68 g/g), weight gain at this stage was also better in T2 (99.22 g), over T1 (96.2 g) and T3 (92.68 g), finally, lower mortality was reported in T3 (0.7%). It was concluded that T1 showed better productive results over T2 and T3. The behavioral parameters that showed statistical significance in the lactation stage were: feeding and rest, in both cases, due to the influence of the mothers, through colostrum consumption and concentrate consumption. For the weaning stage, the three treatments behaved in a similar way, so that no significant statistical differences were reported among them. Key words: Productivity, ethogram, lactation, weaning, alternative diets, guinea pig
Evaluación de dietas arbustivas sobre el comportamiento etológico e índices productivos de cuyes hembra (Cavia porcellus) en engorde
(2024-02)
Garcés Garcés, Jorge Luis
;
Avilés Esquivel, Diana Fernanda
This research evaluated the effect of shrub diets on the behavior and productive indices of fattening female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), using the following treatments: T1: alfalfa (M. sativa), T2: chilca (B. latifolia), T3: dill (A. graveolens) and a completely randomized block experimental design was used, which were established according to four weight ranges: B1: 750 -800, B2: 801 - 850, B3: 851 - 900, B4: 901 -950; in each block were administered the 3 treatments mentioned above thus obtaining four replicates per treatment, 72 female guinea pigs and 12 male guinea pigs were acquired and then distributed in each block, placing 6 females and 1 male per pool, the male remained with the females during the first 15 days of the research with the intention of evaluating the sexual behavior of the aminals. The behavior was evaluated by means of a filmic record during the 75 days of the research and the days and hours when there was more activity were selected for the elaboration of an ethogram recording each one of the animal's behaviors; while, for the variables of the productive indexes, records of weight, food offered, rejected and number of dead animals were filled in. The results for feed consumption were as follows: T1: 1922.39 g, T2: 1877.62 g, T3: 1803.16 g; weight gain reported T1: 376.38 g, T2: 303.33 g, T3: 262.38 g; and feed conversion was T1: 5.24, T2: 6.43, T3: 6.89; in addition, a mortality of T1: 4.16%, T2: 8.33% and T3: 8.33% was reported as a result of poor management of the animals. Despite this, it was not possible to demonstrate significant differences between treatments for both behavioral variables and productive indexes, thus concluding that non-conventional bush diets work adequately as a feeding alternative for female guinea pigs in the fattening stage. Key words: Animal genetic resources, alternative diets, ethogram, native guinea pigs, feed conversión
Comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y función ruminal en toros de engorde alimentados con dietas a base de cascarilla de cacao y aceite vegetal
(2022-09)
Guishca Cunuhay, Carlos Alberto
;
Barros Rodríguez, Marcos Antonio
The productive performance, characteristics of the carcass in ruminal function were evaluated in steers fed with diets based on cocoa bean shell and vegetable oil. Records of 30 castrated steers weighing 206 ± 23 kg were randomly distributed into 3 groups (n=10) from the Ruminant Feedlot. The evaluated diets consisted of: T1 [Basal diet: covering the nutritional requirements for late-finishing steers according to the AFRC (1996) + 15% cocoa bean shell (Theobromina cacao) + 6% vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cake (Passiflora edulis) (Control)], T2 [Basal diet + 6% vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cake (Passiflora edulis)] and T3 [Basal diet + 15% cocoa bean shell (Theobromine cocoa)]. Ruminal degradation and in vitro digestibility of DM was evaluated with DaisyII incubator and F57 bags, pore size 25 µn, which contained 0.5 g of sample per treatment (n=5) and were incubated for 0, 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The volume of gas production in vitro was estimated in amber bottles with 100 ml of nominal capacity, and 0.5 g of sample was used per treatment (n=10). The data obtained were evaluated under a Completely Random Design (CRD). The in vitro rumen degradation kinetics of DM was higher for the soluble fraction (A) in T1 and lower in T3 (p=<0.0001). The rate of potential degradation (A+B) and effective degradation [(c: 0.02; 0.05 and 0.08)] were higher in T1. IVDMD at hour 48 was higher at T1, T3 and lower at T2 (p=0.0004). Total gas production (B) was higher at T2 (p=<0.0001). The productive performance showed higher ADG in T1 and T3 (p=0.0019). The TDMI and IDMI were higher at T1, T3 and lower at T2 (p=0.0142). FC (kg/kg) and FE (kg/kg) were lower and higher at T2 respectively (p=<0.05). Carcass characteristics reflected a higher HCY (%) for T3 (p=0.0032). LdMA (cm2 ) was higher at T1 and T3 (p=<0.0001). However, the RFT was less in T1 and T3 (p=0.0096). Under the conditions of this study, it is concluded that there is a favorable response of the cocoa bean shell alone or combined with vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cake
Efecto de la adición de extracto de maca (Lepidium meyenii) sobre el comportamiento hormonal, morfología ovárica y fertilidad en conejas (Oryctolagus cuniculus) primerizas
(2021-03)
Sánchez Cedeño, Álvaro Francisco
;
Cruz Quintana, Sandra
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of maca (Lepidium meyenii) on the hormonal profile of progesterone and estrogens, ovarian morphology, and fertility in first time rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used, divided into three treatments, 10 did not receive a maca supplement in their diets, 10 received 80 mg and 10 rabbits were supplemented with 100 mg of maca per day. Within each treatment were divided into two groups of 5 rabbits. The rabbits of the first group of each treatment received equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) to standardize the beginning of their estrous cycle, and thus start the supplementation in T1 and T2 homogeneously. Three blood serum samples were taken for the analysis of estradiol values on day 8, 12 and 16. On day 19 the rabbits were weighed and sacrificed for the study of their ovaries. The second group of 5 rabbits from each treatment received 15 days of maca supplementation. On day 15 they were synchronized with eCG, and 48 hours later, were inseminated. The rabbits were supplemented with maca until the end of gestation. The results show that Lepidium meyenii did not significantly increase the levels of estrogens in a short period of time, the rabbits that were supplemented with maca extract in their diets, increased their serum levels of progesterone during pregnancy due to the adaptogenic activity exerted by the saponins present in the plant. In addition, a significant increase in the number of primordial, primary, and secondary follicles is shown in the group of rabbits supplemented with maca extract, while a significant increase in tertiary follicles was evidenced in favor of treatment one. No differences were observed between groups the number of Graff's follicles. The ovarian weight of the T2 rabbits was higher compared to the control group rabbits and the T1 rabbits, which in turn had ovaries with less weight than the control group rabbits. Supplementation improved the productive parameters during the experiment period (weight gain and average daily gain) in rabbits that received both 80 and 100 milligrams of maca extract supplemented to their diets.
Impacto ambiental de la inclusión de saponinas en dietas fibrosas sobre la función ruminal y mitigación de emisiones de dióxido de carbono y metano entérico en bovinos
(2020-10)
Veloz Vargas, César Xavier
;
Barros Rodríguez, Marcos Antonio
The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate in vitro the effect of the inclusion of saponins and GISAG in fibrous diets on ruminal function, mitigation of GHG emissions, as well as ammoniacal nitrogen production; 6 bulls with ruminal cannulas were used, fed with a base diet of 50% maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum purpureum) plus 50% corn bale (Zea mays), the treatments were: T control only base diet, T2 base diet plus 3 % of saponins, T3 base diet of 3% GISAG (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and T4 base diet plus 3% saponins and 3% GISAG, a completely randomized design of 4 treatments and 6 repetitions was handled, the variables were analyzed through an analysis of variance in the SAS PROC GLM program and for the comparison of means, the 5% Tukey test was performed, the animals were housed in individual pens and water at will, with respect to the variable in vitro digestibility of MS showed no differences between treatments (P = 0.7684) while the population of protozoa in the rumen evaluated at different hours of fermentation, showed no differences (P> 0.05), except for Entodiniomorphic protozoa at hour 24 (P = 0.0001), the decrease in vitro of this population of protozoa observed at 24 hours in T2, with respect to gas production, was less (P = 0.0111) in the T2 treatment with 37.2 mL of gas / 0.5g DM fermentable, the methane production did not show differences between the evaluated treatments (P = 0.3592), however, the CO2 production was lower (P = 0.0196 ) in T2, the volatile fatty acids did not observe differences between the treatments; however, in ammoniacal nitrogen it was higher (P> 0.05) in treatments T2, T3 and T4, with T2 being the one with the best behavior in GHG mitigation and nitrogen utilization for the productive benefit of the animal.

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