Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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MANEJO ACTUAL DE LA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2 EN ADULTOS MAYORES
(2026-02-11)
Pérez Alberca, Wendy Nayeli
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Cashabamba Padilla, Franklin Hernán
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the main chronic diseases in older adults, characterized by a silent progression and atypical clinical manifestations that hinder its timely diagnosis. Ageing brings physiological changes, comorbidities and metabolic alterations that require a comprehensive and up-to-date diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the scientific literature to synthesize and update the available evidence on diagnostic criteria and optimized therapeutic strategies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in the elderly population. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA methodology. Twenty-one studies published between 2020 and 2025 in international databases were analyzed. Articles addressing diagnosis, therapeutic management and technological advances in T2DM in older adults were included. Results: Evidence shows that diagnosis in older adults requires integrating biochemical parameters (HbA1c, blood glucose, and OGTT within 1 hour) with comprehensive geriatric assessment. The use of artificial intelligence and continuous glucose monitoring improves early detection and clinical follow-up. In terms of treatment, metformin remains the first line of treatment, while SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists offer additional cardiovascular and renal benefits. Education, therapeutic adherence, nutrition, and personalized exercise are fundamental pillars of metabolic control. Conclusions: The management of DM2 in older adults should be individualized, multidimensional, and supported by emerging technologies to optimize diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life.
Adenoiditis crónica en pediatría, estrategias de intervención. Revisión bibliográfica
(2025-10-15)
Quishpe Analuisa Kerly Daniela
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Solis Armijos Ana Gabriela, Dra. Esp
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Medicina
To analyze the comprehensive management of chronic adenoiditis in the pediatric population, including its main complications, in order to propose updated diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies that improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. A systematic literature review was conducted through searches in scientific databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Keywords related to chronic adenoiditis, complications, treatment, and diagnosis were used. Literature selection was based on criteria of clinical relevance and relevance. The diagnosis of chronic adenoiditis in children requires the integration of persistent clinical symptoms, physical findings, and imaging tests. The most common symptoms include nasal obstruction, chronic throat clearing, postnasal drip, and pharyngeal foreign body sensation. Differentiation from other pathologies such as allergic rhinitis or chronic sinusitis can be difficult, but techniques such as nasal endoscopy have significantly improved diagnostic accuracy, allowing the degree of nasopharyngeal obstruction to be identified. Chronic adenoiditis significantly affects children's health. Treatment should be comprehensive, considering associated comorbidities. An adequate diagnosis allows for a more accurate definition of whether surgical intervention is warranted when medical treatment is insufficient. Current evidence favors a step-by-step approach, prioritizing conservative treatments in mild to moderate cases and reserving surgery for complicated cases
Los agonistas del receptor glp-1 como tratamiento en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II y obesidad
(2025-10-15)
Quinga Amán Mishelle Alexandra
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Jurado Melo Verónica Cristina, Dra. Esp
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Medicina
The present study aims to collect information on the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in controlling glucose, reducing weight and improving cardiovascular health, making them a key option in the treatment of these conditions. A comprehensive review of studies was conducted between 2019 and 2024, selecting 20relevant articles after analysing 4450 results in medical databases using inclusion and exclusion criteria that allowed GLP-1 receptor agonists to be approached as a treatment in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. GLP-1 receptor agonists stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, reduce glucagon release and delay gastric emptying, and are used in patients with Type 2 diabetes, especially those with obesity, as they promote weight loss. Drugs such as liraglutide and semaglutide have shown efficacy in glycaemic control, and adequate body weight management in patients with obesity. GLP-1 receptor agonists are essential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, improving glycaemic control, promoting weight lossand providing additional benefits, being useful in patients who do not respond to conventional therapies
CUIDADO S DE ENFERMERÍA Y TRATAMIENTO EN PACIENTES CON ÚLCERAS KENNEDY-REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
(2025-10-01)
Espin Villalva, Evelin Micaela
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Macías Ferreiro, Karina
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Kennedy ulcers are a type of pressure injury (PPI) that manifests at the end of life. Objective: To present important aspects for the management of nursing care and treatment of Kennedy ulcers, a bibliographic review was conducted. Method: The search was conducted in a database using key terms. The PRISMA method was applied to select the articles. From 1384 initial results, 39 articles were selected. Results: The results reveal that hypoperfusion is the predominant factor for the progression to a Kennedy ulcer. In treatment, addressing underlying pathologies and pain control improve the patient's quality of life. To achieve healing, larval therapy and ozone therapy emerge in scientific evidence due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cell regeneration properties. Nursing care should establish preventive, curative, and palliative care. Conclusions: In conclusion, in Kennedy ulcers, the assessment of risk factors is important for the approach to treatment. The use of innovative methods such as maggot therapy and ozone therapy can contribute to healing. Nursing care is essential for achieving quality of life.
Plan de tratamiento de ejercicios hipopresivos en pacientes con escoliosis.
(2025-09-23)
Chávez Campana, Jessica Nataly
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Tello Moreno, Mónica Cristina
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
Scoliosis refers to a complex deformity of the spine in three planes. It is diagnosed by measuring the angle of curvature of the vertebral column (a Cobb angle of at least 10°) in the frontal plane and the axial rotation in the horizontal plane, in addition to being characterized by spinal deformities in the sagittal plane, which is why the hypopressive exercise that produces direct activation of the transversus abdominis muscle, which strengthens the abdominal girdle and stabilizes the spine. It provides benefits such as strengthening the abdominal muscles, making the lumbar spine more flexible and rearranging body posture. For this reason, the study set the objective of determining the effect of a treatment plan of hypopressive exercises for patients with scoliosis. The methodology, a quantitative approach, descriptive and longitudinal intervention, was applied. The program lasted 12 weeks with an initial and final evaluation. The population was made up of 30 patients between 18 and 45 years old. In addition, the Cobb Test was used, it was shown with a p value of 0.001 <0.05, the null hypothesis was rejected in favor of the alternative and it was concluded that the quality of life of patients with scoliosis at the IEES San Miguel de Bolívar Health Center improved. . In the final assessment, there was improvement in the classification scale, 50% of patients had moderate scoliosis and 50% had mild scoliosis, showing an improvement in the Cobb angle.
TRATAMIENTO DE LA LUMBALGIA CON EL BLOQUEO DE LA ARTICULACIÒN FACETARIA LUMBAR. REVISIÒN BIBLIOGRÀFICA
(2025-06-16)
Yugcha Quiquintuña, Dennis Omar
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Acosta Gavilanez, Roberto Iván
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Low back pain is one of the main causes of disability worldwide, significantly affecting the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Lumbar facet block has emerged as a therapeutic option for the management of chronic pain associated with this syndrome. The objective of this review was to analyze the treatment of low back pain by blocking the lumbar facet joint, examining its efficacy in patients with low back pain. A narrative literature review was carried out in the main databases, selecting studies published between 2013 and 2023 that evaluated the efficacy of facet block. The results showed that lumbar facet block was effective in reducing pain, with significant improvements in patients' functionality, however, the duration of relief is longer in patients without major structural changes in the spine. In conclusion, lumbar facet block has been established as an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic low back pain, providing a significant reduction in pain and improvement in patient functionality. The technique can be useful both in the short and long term, although the duration of relief varies according to individual characteristics.
EPIDERMÓLISIS AMPOLLOSA: TRATAMIENTO INNOVADOR CON CÉLULAS MADRE, UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
(2025-06-16)
Zurita Delgado, Katherine Michelle
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Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo Javier
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Introduction: epidermolysis bullosa is a set of genetic disorders that originate from modifications in certain skin proteins that alter the union and structure of the dermis and epidermis. Clinically, it manifests itself through blisters. However, these lesions can spread to other areas. areas of the body, thus causing the appearance of chronic wounds. The conventional treatment of Epidermolysis Bullosa has not been shown to improve the long-term quality of life of those who suffer from it, which is why researchers propose new therapies that allow improvements in the quality of life of patients, being one of the most promising, the use of stem cells. Methods: randomized clinical trials were selected that evaluated the efficacy and safety of stem cell treatment in patients with Epidermolysis bullosa compared to usual therapy and its cost-effectiveness. Results: based on the selected articles, several variables were measured. Four articles demonstrated the effectiveness of stem cell treatment compared to conventional treatment; two articles measured the economic considerations and access to this new treatment; four articles compared the benefits and disadvantages of using stem cells in patients with Epidermolysis bullosa; and finally, five articles demonstrated the impact that stem cells have in improving the quality of life of patients with Epidermolysis bullosa who undergo this type of therapy. Conclusions: at a global level, the effectiveness of the use of stem cells opens a promising research perspective that seeks to benefit the most vulnerable population affected by this disease, since it plays a key role in the significant reduction of blistering lesions, this represents a positive advance. in the management of the disease, as well as the improvement in its biological, psychological and social sphere, allowing an early introduction to daily activities, generating significant savings of resources for caregivers and for the State. Because, in Latin America, to date there is little research in this area, it should be considered a very promising line of research in the field of Dermatology. Similar situation in the case of Ecuador, where since there are no statistics on patients with this disease, nor data that contribute to the treatment of this vulnerable group, these investigations will provide a solid basis for researchers to adopt this new therapy.
ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE LA INMUNOTERAPIA EN LEUCEMIA MIELOIDE AGUDA
(2025-06-16)
Peñafiel Canseco Fabian Alejandro
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Cruz Castillo Yessenia Magaly
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a haematological disease characterised by uncontrolled proliferation of immature cells in the bone marrow, interfering with normal blood cell production. Despite advances in chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, relapse and mortality rates remain high. In this context, immunotherapies have emerged as an innovative and promising strategy. Aims: This article aims to describe therapeutic advances in immunotherapy for AML, analysing the clinical outcomes and survival rates of these patients treated with immunotherapy. Material and methods: A literature review was carried out including articles from the last 5 years retrieved from scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct and Springer. Scientific articles referring patients with other types of leukaemia and which have been treated with phytotherapy and gene therapies were excluded.Keywords: acute myeloid leukaemia; treatment; immunotherapy. Results: Different immunotherapy strategies have been reviewed including monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells and therapeutic vaccines that aim to boost the immune system's ability to identify and destroy leukaemic cells, reducing side effects compared to conventional treatments. Conclusions: Against a backdrop of hope and challenges, immunotherapy is emerging as a revolutionary tool that could redefine AML treatment and significantly improve clinical outcomes.
SECUELAS EN PACIENTES POST INFECCIÓN POR COVID 19, UN COMPARATIVO ANTES Y DESPUÉS DE LA VACUNACIÓN
(2025-06-16)
Capuz Diaz Edwin Santiago
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Romo López Ángel Geovanny
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
The coronavirus outbreak in 2019, reported in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province in China, caused by a type-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, leading to a global declaration as a pandemic in 2020, a fatality rate of 1% to 3% of the population affected, mainly older adults, is estimated worldwide, adding those people who had some type of comorbidity such as Diabetes, High blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and some type of disease. of Cancer. On February 29, 2020, the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador confirmed the first case of COVID 19 in the city of Guayaquil, however this would only be the beginning of an unimaginable outbreak of infections in said city and at the country level, had a great global impact since until August 28, 2022 we had a report of 598 million confirmed cases and a total of 6.4 million deaths globally. Causes acute respiratory syndrome in the initial stages, but over time the presence of digestive, renal, hepatic, cardiovascular and neurological disorders has been observed in different stages, whether acute, subacute and chronic. In 2021, tests and studies were already being carried out for the viability of immunization at a global level, but this did not guarantee 100% immunity since 60% of people could be infected again given the characteristics of the mutation.
AVANCES EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO Y TRATAMIENTO DE LA INFECCIÓN DEL TRACTO URINARIO EN PEDIATRÍA
(2025-06-13)
Barreros Lema, Edwin Esmith
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Philco Toaza, Priscila Elizabeth
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in the pediatric population, especially in children under two years of age, Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen, responsible for the majority of cases. The high recurrence rate and potential for kidney damage underscore the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this scientific article is to identify recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in children based on updated scientific evidence with the aim of improving clinical management in the pediatric population. A bibliographic review of the literature available in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was carried out; articles published between January 2019 and November 2024 that addressed the diagnosis, treatment and management of UTI in the pediatric population were included. The studies reviewed highlight the importance of early diagnosis through urine cultures and adaptation of treatment based on bacterial susceptibility. Advances include the use of fosfomycin, probiotics, and supplementation with vitamins D and C, all of which have shown promise in the prevention and treatment of UTIs. Additionally, new forms of intravesical therapy and the implementation of nutritional strategies to reduce infection recurrence are explored. It was concluded that the management of UTI in pediatrics has evolved, currently supplementation with micronutrients and probiotics are used as novel methods for the prevention of recurrent UTIs, while fosfomycin is presented as a viable option in cases of resistance to conventional antibiotics.

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