Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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CALIDAD DE VIDA EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON CÁNCER: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
(2026-01-28)
Núñez Chérrez, Paula Mayerli
;
Ocaña Chiluisa José Miguel
;
Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Psicología Clínica
The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer, specifically leukemia, identify the most commonly used measurement instruments, and compare the most affected dimensions. A systematic review of the literature between 2019 and 2025 was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and Redalyc databases, supplemented with documents from the WHO, PAHO, and MSP. Inclusion criteria were applied for the pediatric oncology population and studies in Spanish or English that used validated instruments. The selection of articles followed the phases of the PRISMA guide. Bias assessment was performed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical CrossSectional Studies. Cross-sectional studies using the PedsQL 4.0 and PedsQL Cancer 3.0 instruments predominated. Quality of life was moderate, with the greatest impact on the school and physical dimensions, the social dimension remained moderate, and concern was the least affected. In conclusion, the evidence indicates a significant compromise in quality of life, especially in the school and physical domains, and integrated educational interventions are required during treatment and follow-up.
ESTRATEGIA COMUNITARIA PARA LA DEPRESIÓN RESISTENTE AL TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLÓGICO: REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
(2025-10-16)
Ibáñez Herrera, Jailene Mercedes
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Morales Lozada, Gladys Piedad
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Introduction: Treatment-resistant depression is a serious disorder that does not respond to several antidepressants, affecting quality of life and increasing the risk of suicide. Studies have been conducted with the use of ketamine and esketamine. Multidisciplinary management is required, combining pharmacological, psychological, and electroconvulsive approaches. Objective: To determine a comprehensive community strategy that provides support and effective treatment for people with depression who are resistant to pharmacological treatment. Methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Elsevier using the terms "depression," "resistance," "treatment," "psychotherapy," and "pharmacotherapy." Of 100 articles published between 2019 and 2024, 22 relevant articles on current therapeutic options for treatment-resistant depression were selected, using DeCS/MeSH terms such as "Treatment-resistant depression," "medicine," "drugs," and "psychotherapy." Results: Treatment-resistant depression is defined as a lack of response to two or more antidepressant treatments. It affects up to 30% of patients with major depression. The lack of a precise definition hampers research, the development of new therapies, and clinical treatment. Treatment strategies include combinations of antidepressants, esketamine, brain stimulation therapies, psychotherapy, and multidisciplinary approaches. Conclusions: Treatment-resistant depression negatively impacts quality of life and carries a high risk of suicide. It is associated with sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, and its management requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and neurostimulation. Community support plays a fundamental role.
El biofeedback como terapia complementaria para la cistitis intersticial / sindrome de vejiga dolorosa
(2025-10-16)
Toalombo Sisa Jenny Diana
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Tufiño Aguilar Andrea Alexandra, Dr/a. Esp.
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Medicina
The aim of this study was to analyse the usefulness of biofeedback as a complementary therapy in the management of interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome, a chronic condition characterised by pelvic pain, urinary urgency and emotional discomfort, which significantly impairs the quality of life of those who suffer from it. A descriptive bibliographic study was carried out in recognised scientific databases, selecting twenty articles published between 2019 and 2024 in English and Spanish that addressed the relationship between biofeedback and interstitial cystitis. The information was organised and analysed to identify common patterns, observed benefits and limitations reported by the authors. The results showed that biofeedback improves voluntary control over the pelvic floor musculature, resulting in decreased pain, urinary frequency and emotional discomfort. In addition, the use of techniques such as electromyography and visual feedback to promote neuromuscular strengthening and body awareness was highlighted. However, important limitations were also identified, such as heterogeneity in the protocols applied, theneed for specialised equipment and variability in individual response. It is concluded that, despite these barriers, biofeedback represents a therapeutic option with potential within a multidisciplinary approach, especially in patients who do not respond adequately to conventional treatments, by contributing effectively to the control of physical and emotional symptoms associated with interstitial cystitis
TERAPIAS NO FARMACOLÓGICAS PARA TRATAR EL ESTREÑIMIENTO EN EL ADULTO MAYOR
(2025-10-16)
Culqui Zumba, Jhosselyn Nataly
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Morales Solis, Jorge Marcelo
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Introduction: Constipation is a prevalent disorder that significantly affects quality of life and gastrointestinal health, particularly in older adults. Recent studies have explored non-pharmacological treatments, such as dietary interventions, massage, reflexology, aromatherapy, and innovative approaches, demonstrating their effectiveness and safety. Objective: This review synthesizes the findings of recent studies on non-pharmacological therapies, aiming to highlight effective options for managing constipation, particularly in the older adult population. Methodology: Meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and systematic reviews published within the last five years were analyzed. Results: Studies emphasize that a fiber-rich diet and moderate physical activity are effective in mild and moderate cases, improving the frequency and consistency of bowel movements. Techniques such as abdominal massage and aromatherapy showed significant improvements in quality of life and constipation severity, being more effective when combined. Innovative interventions, such as the vibrating capsule, demonstrated efficacy in severe cases, increasing complete spontaneous bowel movements. Conclusions: Non-pharmacological therapies, including diet, exercise, and manual techniques, represent safe, accessible, and effective strategies for managing constipation. Personalizing interventions according to the patient's needs and clinical condition is essential to maximize benefits.
Tratamiento de la fibrilación auricular paroxística en ausencia de cardiopatía estructural. Artículo de revisión bibliográfica
(2025-10-15)
Moya Bautista, Grace Edith
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Morales Solís, Jorge Marcelo, Dr. Esp
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is one of the most common arrhythmias worldwide, significantly affecting patients' quality of life even in the absence of structural heart disease. This review article addresses a highly relevant and current topic: cryoablation as an initial treatment compared to traditional pharmacological therapy. Its importance lies in the need for more effective and safer therapeutic strategies, given the rising prevalence of PAF and its associated complications. The methodology involved a systematic literature review, focusing on randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and prospective multicenter studies from the past five years. The research line centers on interventional management of cardiac arrhythmias, specifically evaluating the efficacy and safety of cryoablation compared to antiarrhythmic drug therapy. The results show that cryoablation significantly reduces arrhythmia recurrence, reaching success rates of up to 90%, and notably improves patients' quality of life. Studies by Andrade et al., Sawhney et al., Wazni, and Tsaroev demonstrate that, depending on the type of PAF (paroxysmal or persistent), cryoablation alone or combined with radiofrequency yields better outcomes than pharmacological treatment. The scientific novelty lies in positioning cryoablation as a first-line therapeutic option, shifting the traditional drug-centered approach. Moreover, the combination of energy sources is highlighted for complex cases. In conclusion, this work provides updated evidence supporting cryoablation as a safe, effective, and longterm alternative with reduced pharmacological dependence for managing PAF.
AUTOCUIDADO Y CALIDAD DE VIDA EN EL ADULTO MAYOR
(2025-10-02)
Ochoa Rivera, Janela Nicole
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Sangacha Yugsi, Anderson Jose
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
Introduction: Self-care constitutes a fundamental axis in the stage of old age. Older adults who maintain their independence and autonomy usually have a better perception of their general wellbeing. Objective: To determine the level of self-care and quality of life in older adults attending the Centro Integral de Atención Geriátrica del Cantón Salcedo. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with a population of 59 users, from which a sample of 41 participants was obtained. The Self-Care Agency Assessment Scale and the WHOQOL-OLD test were used, which addressed 6 dimensions, applied in October 2024. Results: Of the 41 older adults, 68.3% presented a low level of self-care. General quality of life was rated as moderately good by 48.8% and good by the other 48.8% of the participants, which indicated a similar distribution between both ratings; the dimension of death and dying obtained a score above the mean with 3.51 while the dimension of intimacy had the lowest score with 2.67. On the other hand, a moderate direct correlation of 0.589 was found, determining that the higher the level of self-care, the better the participants' perception of quality of life. Conclusion: Despite limitations in self-care including the presence of illness and lack of emotional support, older adults have managed to find satisfaction and well-being in other aspects of their lives.
Calidad de vida relacionada con la menstruación y regulación emocional en estudiantes de educación superior
(2025-07-01)
Tubón Toapanta, Erika Paola
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Tobar Viera, Andrea Susana
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Carrera de Psicología Clínica
Menstruation, although a natural biological process, can affect the quality of life (QOL) of those who experience it, due to physical and emotional symptoms that intervene in general well-being. The present study aimed to determine the association between quality of life related to menstruation and dimensions of emotional regulation in higher education students. In addition, the mean score of the menstruation-related quality of life questionnaire (CVM-22) was measured, the level of emotional regulation was assessed according to its dimensions, and CVM-22 scores were compared according to residence. A total of 134 women between 18 and 26 years of age, students of a high school in Ambato, Ecuador, participated. The design was non-experimental, cross-sectional, with a quantitative correlational approach and non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The CVM-22 questionnaire and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), which was validated in the Ecuadorian population, were used. The analysis was performed with descriptive and correlational statistics (Spearman) and Welch's ttest. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal was associated with better menstrual quality of life (rho=0.198, p=0.022) and no differences were found by residence. The mean CVM-22 score was 17.5, indicating a moderately impaired QoL, and a greater predominance was observed in the use of expressive suppression. It is concluded that a greater use of cognitive reappraisal is associated with a better perception of menstrual QOL, highlighting the relevance of emotional regulation in theexperience of the menstrual cycle
IMPACTO DE LA CIRUGÍA DE RECONSTRUCCIÓN DE PISO PÉLVICO EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA DE MUJERES CON PROLAPSO DE ÓRGANOS PÉLVICOS
(2025-06-16)
Cruz Villamarín Paúl Alexánder
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Bustillos Solorzano Marcos Edison
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Introduction: Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) refers to the descent of pelvic structures due to weakened pelvic floor support. This condition affects various organs and has a multidimensional impact on patients' lives. Objective: To evaluate the impact of. pelvic floor reconstruction surgery on the quality of life in women with POP, focusing on urinary, bowel, and sexual function, as well as psychological well-being. Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Studies published in the last 5 years, primarily systematic reviews and meta-analyses, were included, resulting in the selection of forty-seven articles for the final review. Results: The techniques with the most positive impact on quality of life include Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy with 86.7% and Colpocleisis with 89%, while Transvaginal Synthetic Mesh Repair shows the least impact with 71%. Notably, even techniques with lower percentages of improvement still demonstrate significant positive effects. The efficacy of these interventions varies between 81% and 91.9%, with effectiveness ranging from 72% to 90.2%, suggesting a high success rate in treating POP. Conclusion: Surgical techniques for POP significantly improve quality of life, with success rates between 71% and 89%. Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy and Colpocleisis stand out for their effectiveness, while the use of transvaginal mesh shows lower results and more complications. These interventions optimize urinary, bowel and sexual functions, as well as the psychological well-being of patients.
INNOVACIÓN EN EL TRATAMIENTO DEL DOLOR LUMBAR CRÓNICO, UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
(2025-06-16)
Zuña Guamán, Rosa Angélica
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Recalde Navarrete, Ricardo Javier
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a public health problem that causes disability and work absenteeism, with a high socioeconomic impact. To reduce its burden on health systems and patients, effective and accessible therapeutic alternatives with less dependence on drugs are being sought. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of innovative and conventional treatments for CLBP, analyzing their impact on pain reduction, functionality, and quality of life of patients. Methods: A systematic review was performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and SciELO, including studies from 2019 to 2024 on innovative treatments for CLBP. We excluded research with small samples or without a control group, following a two-stage selection process. Results: Non-pharmacological therapies, emerging technologies such as virtual reality and mobile applications, therapeutic massages and medicinal plants were found to favor adherence to treatment and reduce the perception of pain in patients. Discussion: Non-pharmacological strategies have advantages over conventional treatments by reducing adverse effects and analgesic dependence. This highlights the importance of a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach in the management of CLBP. Conclusion: Innovative interventions, especially non-pharmacological ones, have demonstrated efficacy in reducing pain and improving functionality and quality of life. It is recommended that these approaches be prioritized in clinical practice, although more research is needed to confirm their long-term effectiveness.
Programa de entrenamiento respiratorio mediante Threshold IMT en adultos mayores con EPOC
(2025-03-17)
Guzmán López, Ángela del Rocío
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Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados

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