Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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Autor/a: search.filters.author.Gavilanes Saenz, Brandon StalinTema: search.filters.subject.MICROBIOTA

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    RELACIÓN ENTRE LA MICROBIOTA VAGINAL Y LAS INFECCIONES VAGINALES DE MUJERES EN EDAD FÉRTIL
    (2025-10-16)
    Gavilanes Saenz, Brandon Stalin
    ;
    Belalcázar Sánchez Yajaira Monserrath
    ;
    Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
    Objective: To determine the relationship between vaginal microbiota and vaginal infections in women of childbearing age. Methodology: A systematic documentary review was conducted using scientific databases (PubMed, Dialnet, Google Scholar, SciELO, and Elsevier), selecting articles published between 2020 and 2024. The search was carried out using specific keywords combined with Boolean operators, including both original research and review articles in Spanish or English. Results: Lactobacillus was identified as comprising 70–90% of the healthy vaginal microbiota, maintaining a pH between 3.5 and 4.5 through specific biochemical mechanisms. Bacterial vaginosis emerged as the most prevalent infection (8–51%), followed by vulvovaginal candidiasis (with a lifetime incidence of 70–75%). Vaginal dysbiosis, characterized by the loss of Lactobacillus dominance, facilitates pathogen colonization, establishing a negative feedback loop. Combined therapeutic interventions (antimicrobials and probiotics) showed microbial balance restoration rates of 61.5% at six weeks. Conclusion: There is a bidirectional relationship between the vaginal microbiota and infections, where microbial imbalance predisposes women to infections that, in turn, perpetuate dysbiosis. This cycle is significantly influenced by hormonal factors, particularly estrogen levels, suggesting the need for comprehensiv e therapeutic approaches that consider both pathogen elimination and restoration of the protective microbiota.