Ciencias de la Salud

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813

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2021 - 20264

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Tipo de acceso: Acceso abiertoTema: search.filters.subject.PREVENCIÓN PRIMARIA

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    ESTRATEGIAS PARA LA PREVENCION DE LA DIABETES JUVENIL.REVISION SISTEMATICA
    (2026-02-11)
    Gordon Campos, Jonathan Ismael
    ;
    Chipantiza Cordova, Tannia Elizabeth
    ;
    Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
    Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with onset in young people is on the rise and accelerates the progression to cardiometabolic complications, impacting school performance and psychosocial well-being. Given this scenario, evidence suggests that modifiable risk factors such as excess adiposity, physical inactivity, high intake of free sugars, and low family involvement in healthy habits are priority targets for preventive interventions in school and community settings, with operational nursing leadership. Objective. To analyze the most effective preventive strategies for reducing the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young people, based on current scientific evidence. Methodology. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines using indexed databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO) with MeSH/DeCS equations and a data range of 2020–2025. Three hundred and twelve records were identified, 62 duplicates were removed, 250 titles/abstracts were screened, 63 full texts were assessed, and 13 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Results: Multicomponent interventions integrating ≥60 minutes of daily physical activity, structured nutrition education, regular follow-up, and family involvement showed consistent improvements in BMI and BMI-z, blood glucose/glycated hemoglobin, and minutes/week of activity. Programs with adolescent-family co- design and community support increased adherence and sustainability; the nursing role facilitated screening, brief counseling with personalized goals, and school- familyservice coordination. Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes prevention in adolescents is effective when culturally appropriate multicomponent packages are implemented with clear dosages and intensity and standardized monitoring every 8– 12 weeks. For school and community health programs, the following are recommended: a core screening component (carbohydrate intake, blood pressure, lipids), progressive prescription of daily physical activity, nutritional education focused on reducing sugars and increasing fiber, and family co-responsibility as a quality criterion, prioritizing evaluation and scalability in resource-limited contexts.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    IMPORTANCIA DEL AUTOCUIDADO DEL PIE DIABÉTICO EN COMUNIDADES DEL ECUADOR
    (2025-10-03)
    Soria Santana, Karla Isabela
    ;
    Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz
    ;
    Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
    The objective of this study was to determine the importance of diabetic foot self - care in communities in Ecuador, focusing on evaluating current preventive practices and identifying areas for improvement in diabetic patients. A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The University of Malaga Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 15 diabetic patients aged 40 to 70 years from the cantons of Ambato and Quero, selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 29. The results revealed that 60% of participants had a "Fair" level of self-care, 33.3% a "Good" level, and only 6.7% reached an "Excellent" level. Only 13.3% of patients checked their feet daily, and 46.7% had not received information on podiatric care. The demographic analysis showed that women maintain better self-care practices compared to men, and a deterioration in the quality of self-care was observed with increasing age, with the 61-to 70-year-old group being the most affected. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to strengthen educational program s aimed at improving diabetic foot self-care, especially in men and older adults, by implementing specific preventive strategies that effectively reduce the risk of complications and amputations in these vulnerable populations.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    IMPACTO DE LA HIGIENE DE MANOS EN LA SALUD DE LOS ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS
    (2025-06-17)
    López Izurieta, Adonis Remigio
    ;
    Moyano Calero, William Eudrillir
    ;
    Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Enfermería
    Objective: The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of hand hygiene on the health of university students. Method: It had a quantitative approach, observational design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope. To select the sample, a probabilistic sampling by clusters was used, that is to say, one parallel per semester. Descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyze the data obtained. Results: The findings derived from this research indicate that nursing students enrolled in the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh semesters of the Universidad Técnica de Ambato have an adequate level of knowledge and attitudes regarding hand hygiene. Conclusion: The work environment and circumstances affect the consistency of hand hygiene practices, even though most students understand and apply them.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Estrategia de prevención comunitaria en COVID-19 en la población fundamentada en el análisis epidemiológico
    (Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-08-01)
    Baño Barrionuevo, Marlene Soledad Lcda.
    ;
    Villacís Valencia, Sandra Elizabeth Dr. Esp.
    The SARS-CoV-2 virus causal agent of the COVID-19 disease has caused a pandemic with extraordinary repercussions on the health, economic, political and social situation worldwide, for which Ecuador has been significantly affected with figures of 446,633 confirmed cases and 15,713 deaths, Tungurahua reports high numbers of infections and deaths. Objective: Design a community prevention strategy for the COVID-19 disease produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the province's population based on epidemiological analysis. ' Methods and Materials: This study is articulated with two Research Projects, it is defined as explanatory, experimental, longitudinal and prospective where a community prevention strategy for COVID-19 is designed based on the results obtained for the province of Tungurahua in, the period from October 05, 2020 to April 30, 2021.Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. Results: The age group of 18 to 26 years old predominated in the female gender, the mestizo ethnic identification 7.2% of patients with a history of COVID-19 prior to the evaluation. 13% of the cases had signs suggestive of COVID-19 at the time of In the evaluation, among the risk factor the following predominated: Arterial Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Bronchial Asthma, Ischemic Heart Disease. And among the social risk factors predominated: overcrowding, extreme poverty, inability to access health services. 7 Conclusion: The community prevention strategy of COVID-19 based on the epidemiological analysis in the Tungurahua province shows a probable impact on the reduction of transmission, morbidity and associated mortality from the modification of identified clinical and social risk factors, together with actions for the promotion and community prevention of the disease