Maestría en Gestión Ambiental
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Item Estudio de potenciales impactos de la actividad minera en los servicios ecosistémicos de los humedales de Fierro Urco, cantón Saraguro (Loja)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Gestión Ambiental, 2022-07-11) Astudillo Aguilar, Diana Vanessa; González Jaramillo, Víctor HugoThe research was conducted in the high Andean Wetlands of Fierro Urco, located between cantones of Loja, Saraguro, Zaruma and Portovelo, the primary information was collected through interviews with 12 key stakeholders from institutions such as Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua Transición Ecológica, Gobierno Provincial de Loja, Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Loja, Saraguro and Portovelo, Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Parroquial de Gualel, El Paraíso de Celén and Morales, as well as organizations such as Colectivo de Defensores del Agua y la Vida and independent activists. In addition, secondary information was systematized through the review of Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial de los cantones y parroquias within the study area, information generated by the Ministerio del Ambiente, Agua Transición Ecológica, studies and research conducted by Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Universidad Nacional de Loja and non-governmental organizations such as Naturaleza y Cultura Internacional. Maps were made about the location of the study area, land cover and land use, location of the Fierro Urco lake system, water network, watersheds and mining concessions; in addition, shadow maps and topographic relief maps were generated and used as the basis for the other maps mentioned above. Finally, with the information collected, a risk analysis was performed using ISO 31000:2018 as a reference. The main purpose of this research was to identify the potential impacts of mining activity on the ecosystem services of the Fierro Urco wetlands. The main impacts identified are related to the possible effects on water storage and supply, water flow regulation and biodiversity conservation; due to the potential execution of activities for mineral exploitation that may include: complete removal of vegetation coverage, excavation and earthworks, introduction of heavy machinery, deviation of natural water courses, installation of infrastructure, among others.Item Evaluación del efecto del cambio climático como amenaza para los páramos de Llangahua, cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Gestión Ambiental, 2022-07-11) Flores Paredes, Jose Luis; Chóez Pin, Jorge OlmedoThe Llangahua paramo is an area populated by indigenous people and peasants whose main economic activity is linked to agriculture and the use of natural resources. With the growth of the population, pressures grow from groups of comuneros, in particular from those who had many animals, to have more land from the paramo by continuing to raise the agricultural frontier by 10 m. This added to the excessive presence of animals in the paramo, the constant burning of the grasslands, the felling of the native forest for the extraction of wood, the reduction and hardening of the swamp areas, the capture of new water sources, and the opening of new roads, evidences a progressive degradation of natural resources, whose most serious features were expressed in (1) the scarcity of water for irrigation and domestic use and (2) the loss of the paramo's regulatory capacity. In the area of Llangahua, the situation of the paramo was starting from a crisis, reaching 10% of strong erosion and a process of permanent overgrazing in the paramo with a stocking rate of 0.42 bov/ha which endangered 300, 22 ha of wetlands.Therefore, it was decided to declare the 6,213 ha of communal moorland a `protected reserve` and indivisible. These 6,213 ha of the community reserve agreement were added to the 3,205 ha of grasslands of the Pucutahua Association, achieving a continuous reserve of 9,418 ha in the province of Tungurahua. This research work concludes that the state of the Llangahua páramo regarding plant cover and water resources gradually improved during the 2013 - 2021 period, because it is aimed at laying the fundamental foundations of a recovery, conservation and management plan sustainable use of natural resources (water, paramo, forest remnants) through social agreements and the implementation of productive alternatives for the communities near the study area.Item Estimación del contenido de carbono del bosque y pastizal en Tambo-Palictahua, Cantón Penipe para proponer estrategias para su conservación(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Gestión Ambiental, 2022-07-11) Ortiz Cruz, Lisseth Paola; Fernández Sánchez, Lineth del RocíoThe general objective of this research was to estimate the carbon content of the forest and grassland in Tambo-Palictahua, Penipe canton to propose strategies for its conservation; It began being explanatory because the soil samples (forest and grassland) were characterized and later they were subjected to physical-chemical analysis that was carried out at the INIAP of the city of Quito. Then it became exploratory since having the results of the laboratory estimated the amount of carbon between the forest and the grassland, finally it was experimental because through a random experimental design (simple random sampling) the samples were taken in the two study areas. From the results of the laboratory it was obtained that the carbon content did not vary significantly (p>0.05) between the forest floor (0.89 ± 0.06 ) and the grassland (0.82 ± 0.14), therefore, the null hypothesis was accepted, although it was observed that there is a greater amount of carbon in the forest this may have been due to the vegetation present in it such as: Actinidiaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Buxaceae, Lauraceae, Cunnoniaceae, among other species: Solanum venosum, Oreopanax ecuadorensis, Vallea stipularis, Miconia bracteolata, Grosvenoria campii, Escallonia myrtillides, in addition, it was considered that this sampling was carried out in winter (august). The results obtained allowed to conclude that soil organic carbon (COS) is fundamental for biological activity, the difference in the amount of carbon in both the forest (0.89Mgha-1) and grassland (0.82Mgha-1) is not significant, however, these forest areas accumulate atmospheric carbon and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) (CO2 equivalent), as well as the accumulation of carbon in biomass and soil, helps in the control of emissions produced by deforestation and the improvement of land use practices.