Carrera de Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.MORA DE CASTILLA

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Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Aplicación de la tecnología de metabarcoding 16S rRNA para el análisis de la rizosfera de mora (Rubus glaucus) en cultivos de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Vallejo Guerrero, Lizbeth Andrea; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    This study focuses on characterizing the diversity and abundance of the microbiota associated with the blackberry rhizosphere, as well as predicting the metabolism of the taxa found. Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and analysis of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene, a wide range of bacterial taxa predominantly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were identified. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed high microbial diversity in most of the sampled locations, with significant variations between sampling points, indicating the influence of local environmental factors. Additionally, functional predictions of metabolic profiles were performed using advanced bioinformatics tools such as PICRUSt2 and EzBioCloud, highlighting the contribution of these microbial communities to the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur. The results underscore the importance of rhizospheric microbiota in soil health and the growth of R. glaucus and suggest its potential for use in biocontrol and biofertilization strategies. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of microbial ecology in blackberry crops but also offers a foundation for future research and practical applications in sustainable agricultural management in the Tungurahua region.
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    Aplicación de la tecnología de metabarcoding 16S rRNA para el análisis de la rizosfera de mora (Rubus glaucus) en cultivos de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Corrales Iza, Lenin Apurimak; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    This study focuses on characterizing the diversity and abundance of the microbiota associated with the blackberry rhizosphere, as well as predicting the metabolism of the taxa found. Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and analysis of the hypervariable regions V3-V4 of the 16S rRNA gene, a wide range of bacterial taxa predominantly Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were identified. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed high microbial diversity in most of the sampled locations, with significant variations between sampling points, indicating the influence of local environmental factors. Additionally, functional predictions of metabolic profiles were performed using advanced bioinformatics tools such as PICRUSt2 and EzBioCloud, highlighting the contribution of these microbial communities to the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur. The results underscore the importance of rhizospheric microbiota in soil health and the growth of R. glaucus and suggest its potential for use in biocontrol and biofertilization strategies. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of microbial ecology in blackberry crops but also offers a foundation for future research and practical applications in sustainable agricultural management in the Tungurahua region.
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    Recuperación de antocianinas a partir de los residuos agroindustriales de la mora de castilla
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Llerena Toasa, Diana Michelle; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Tungurahua being one of the provinces with the highest production of blackberry, the idea of recovering anthocyanins from the agroindustrial waste of this fruit, arises as a topic of vital importance, since the bioactive substances that are present in the skin of the blackberry, not only give the characteristic color and flavor to the fruit, but also have antioxidant properties and great benefits for human health. For the extraction of anthocyanins, 96 percent ethanol was used as a solvent, to which citric acid was added to preserve the stability of these bioactives against factors that could affect their integrity. Subsequently, they were microencapsulated with maltodextrin to preserve the activity of the bioactive, thus prolonging their useful life, to finally determine the antioxidant activity of the anthocyanins. It was determined that the optimum conditions to obtain the highest amount of anthocyanins were 1:15 plant material - solvent volume for 30 minutes. In the microencapsulation process, it was obtained an efficiency of 78.178 percent, indicating effective microencapsulation. On the other hand, in the determination of the antioxidant activity, it was obtained 55.606 percent DPPH inhibition in the concentrate (Trolox referent of 311.711 micromol per liter) and 29.342 percent in the microencapsulated (Trolox referent of 205.550 micromol per liter), taking into account that in this value there is only 20 percent of the concentrate. This process represents a significant advance in the valorization of agro-industrial waste and the sustainable production of bioactive compounds.
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    Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de Metarhizium anisopliae microencapsulada frente a Phyllophaga spp
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Carrera Núñez, Wendy Tatiana; Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
    The Castilla blackberry is a fruit with high nutritional and commercial value in Ecuador, but it is affected by insect pests such as Phyllophaga spp, it feeds on roots and allows the entry of pathogenic microorganisms such as Fusarium, Phytophthora and Rhizoctonia, generating rot in the roots. and plant death. The control of this pest has been demonstrated with the use of entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae, however, its effectiveness in the field is affected by abiotic factors, found in microencapsulation a technique that allows this fungus to be protected and enhanced. The research allowed the growth and sporulation of conidia of M. anisopliae in vitro in Petri dishes, microencapsulation was by spray drying with maltodextrin and gum arabic and ionic gelation with sodium alginate and calcium chloride. 9 treatments were applied with the encapsulates, the larvae were placed in a humidity chamber and infected with 1 milligram per larva to be evaluated over a period of 7 days. 270 larvae of the genus Phyllophaga spp were found, for its control the best treatment was ionic gelation with a concentration of 1 by ten to 9, with the highest number of infected larvae on the fourth day and a severity of 52.38 percent and the least effective treatment corresponded to spray drying with a concentration of 1 to 10 to 5 on the fourth day and presented an infection severity of 34.28 percent.
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    Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de Trichoderma harzianum microencapsulada frente a Botrytis cinerea
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Guevara Freire, Jennifer Michelle; Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
    The blackberry crop has a high economic importance due to its medicinal and agroindustrial properties, its production faces problems caused by phytopathogens that cause significant economic losses, among which Botrytis cinerea stands out as the cause of gray rot disease. The control of this fungus has been demonstrated by organisms such as Trichoderma harzianum, however, the elaboration of products based on this biocontroller is unstable or inefficient, being microencapsulation an excellent alternative. For research purposes, conidia of T. harzianum were obtained by solid fermentation and these were microencapsulated by spray drying technique from maltodextrin and gum arabic, ionic gelation was performed by using sodium alginate. Two types of microencapsulation were used, as well as three incubation times, obtaining as a result that the ionic gelation treatment at three days of incubation was the best with a percentage of radial growth inhibition of 97.087 percent followed by ionic gelation at 2 days with a percentage of 94.174 percent, while the spray-drying treatment at 3 days was 85.435 percent. In the present research project, microencapsulation of T. harzianum conidia was carried out, evaluating its influence on the radial growth percentage of B. cinerea.