Carrera de Biotecnología

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    Producción de biogás por vertederos biorreactores y biodigestores mediante el tratamiento biológico de lixiviados crudos del relleno sanitario de Ambato. Articulado Al Proyecto De Investigación Aprobado Mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2024-0027-R
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Pérez Pilco, Madeline Solange; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The pollution generated by solid waste in Ecuador constitutes a significant environmental problem due to the formation of leachates with high pollutant loads and the emission of toxic gases such as methane, which could be harnessed as biogas. Given the increasing generation of solid waste and the limitations of treatment systems, the objective of this work was to produce biogas through the use of landfill bioreactors and biodigesters as biological treatment systems. The methodology involved operating two treatment systems over 12 weeks: three columns of landfill bioreactors with layers of sand, compost, green waste, centrifuged sludge, and gravel, and four biodigesters of approximately 4 liters each. Controls and replicates were employed in both systems; the controls received basal medium, while the treatments used real leachate. The landfill bioreactors stood out for their higher efficiency in biogas production and contaminant removal, achieving a significant reduction in the COD of the treated leachates. The biodigesters, although with lower performance, demonstrated stable operation. In conclusion, landfill bioreactors represent a more efficient solution for treating leachates and recovering energy, while biodigesters serve as a complementary alternative. This study contributes to the state of the art by validating sustainable technologies that combine waste management with renewable energy generation, providing practical tools to mitigate environmental impacts in Ecuador and other regions facing similar challenges.
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    Producción de biogás por vertederos biorreactores y biodigestores mediante el tratamiento biológico de lixiviados crudos del relleno sanitario de Ambato. Articulado Al Proyecto de Investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2024-0027-R
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Andrade Meneses, Víctor Andrés; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The pollution generated by solid waste in Ecuador constitutes a significant environmental problem due to the formation of leachates with high pollutant loads and the emission of toxic gases such as methane, which could be harnessed as biogas. Given the increasing generation of solid waste and the limitations of treatment systems, the objective of this work was to produce biogas through the use of landfill bioreactors and biodigesters as biological treatment systems. The methodology involved operating two treatment systems over 12 weeks: three columns of landfill bioreactors with layers of sand, compost, green waste, centrifuged sludge, and gravel, and four biodigesters of approximately 4 liters each. Controls and replicates were employed in both systems; the controls received basal medium, while the treatments used real leachate. The landfill bioreactors stood out for their higher efficiency in biogas production and contaminant removal, achieving a significant reduction in the COD of the treated leachates. The biodigesters, although with lower performance, demonstrated stable operation. In conclusion, landfill bioreactors represent a more efficient solution for treating leachates and recovering energy, while biodigesters serve as a complementary alternative. This study contributes to the state of the art by validating sustainable technologies that combine waste management with renewable energy generation, providing practical tools to mitigate environmental impacts in Ecuador and other regions facing similar challenges.
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    Efecto de la adición de lodos centrifugados de la PTAR – Ambato sobre el proceso de biodigestión de residuos verdes provenientes de mercados
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Cayo Almache, José Alexis; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    In Ecuador there is no adequate waste collection system, a large amount of this waste ends up returning to the streets and rivers. The accumulation of these organic waste can generate various environmental problems if adequate treatment is not carried out. In this project, the biodigestion of organic matter from markets was studied, and the effect of the addition of centrifuged sludge from the WWTP - Ambato on the generation of biogas was identified. For this, four biodigesters were operated during the 12 weeks, which all started the same. The biodigesters initially contained the same components: inoculum (ten percent by volume), basal medium (sixty percent by volume) and liquefied green waste (thirty percent by volume). From the third week onwards, the biodigesters were fed with basal medium and green waste for the controls, while centrifuged sludge was added to the feed for the others. The analyzes showed a high concentration of nutrients in the centrifuged sludge (phosphorus, nitrogen and magnesium) that contribute to the microbiological transformation of organic matter into methane. Likewise, it was determined that the concentration of heavy metals such as chromium and cadmium, which can act as inhibitors, remained at values below the toxic threshold. However, these concentrations of heavy metals in the digestion liquor make its subsequent use as a biofertilizer difficult. Regarding biogas production, no significant difference could be observed between the control and sludge digesters.