Carrera de Biotecnología

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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.CALIDAD DEL AGUA

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Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Evaluación de la efectividad del carbón de hueso de animales bovinos (Bos taurus) en la disminución de la concentración de Flúor en el agua potable de consumo humano del Cantón San Pedro de Pelileo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Sánchez Aldaz, Erick Fabricio; Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
    The excess of fluoride in drinking water for human consumption that is distributed in some sectors of the San Pedro de Pelileo Canton from the Jun Jun watershed, is the main cause of the appearance of dental fluorosis in those who consume it; Dental fluorosis is an abnormality that affects the enamel of the teeth, causing them to yellow or wear out; In the worst case, partial or total loss of teeth can occur. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of bone charcoal of B. taurus in reducing the concentration of fluorides, the temperature and time of bone carbonization is essential to obtain adequate hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate particles, hydroxyapatites and calcium carbonate are responsible for trapping fluoride ions; with a concentration of 5g per liter of bone charcoal, it was possible to reduce the concentration from 1.98 mg per liter to an average value of 0.742 mg per liter in the evaluation of jug tests without altering the water quality. The design of a bio-filter for domestic use can be used as an alternative to reduce contact with fluorine ions present in water; The bio-filter can be a tool used to improve the quality of dental life in children, young people, young women and adults.
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    Análisis de la influencia de la calidad de agua sobre la microbiota intestinal presente en las heces de pollos de engorde de la empresa Grupo Casa Grande
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Manzaba Yépez, Angela Nicole; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
    The gut microbiota includes commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit complex multicellular organisms. Among the main functions, the following stand out: regulation of metabolic activities, absorption of nutrients and prevention of colonization by pathogens. However, the microbiota can be altered by various factors such as water, food, antibiotic intake and geographical location. In this study, it was known whether water quality influences the intestinal microbiota of Cobb 500 broiler chickens from two farms (San José and Las Orquídeas) belonging to the Grupo Casa Grande company. For this purpose, a metagenomic amplicon analysis of the 16s rRNA gene was carried out, using DNA extracted from 4 fecal samples of broiler chickens. Data processing was performed on the Galaxy platform linked to QIIME2. The analysis of water quality was within the limits established by INEN 1108 standards and the Cobb 500 Chicken Management Manual, with the exception of water hardness (Las Orquídeas farm). The Shannon index and PCoA revealed that samples from both farms present a high microbial diversity of OTUs and a minimal difference in the composition of the microbial community. The analyzes of relative abundance, differential abundance and alpha rarefaction showed that the most abundant and richest taxa of the fecal microbiota were Lactobacillus sp and Romboutsia sp. The water quality of the farms did not influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the chickens.
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    Análisis de la influencia de la calidad de agua sobre la microbiota intestinal presente en las heces de pollos de engorde de la empresa Grupo Casa Grande
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Aguilar Castillo, Carla Melanie; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
    The gut microbiota includes commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit complex multicellular organisms. Among the main functions, the following stand out: regulation of metabolic activities, absorption of nutrients and prevention of colonization by pathogens. However, the microbiota can be altered by various factors such as water, food, antibiotic intake and geographical location. In this study, it was known whether water quality influences the intestinal microbiota of Cobb 500 broiler chickens from two farms (San José and Las Orquídeas) belonging to the Grupo Casa Grande company. For this purpose, a metagenomic amplicon analysis of the 16s rRNA gene was carried out, using DNA extracted from 4 fecal samples of broiler chickens. Data processing was performed on the Galaxy platform linked to QIIME2. The analysis of water quality was within the limits established by INEN 1108 standards and the Cobb 500 Chicken Management Manual, with the exception of water hardness (Las Orquídeas farm). The Shannon index and PCoA revealed that samples from both farms present a high microbial diversity of OTUs and a minimal difference in the composition of the microbial community. The analyzes of relative abundance, differential abundance and alpha rarefaction showed that the most abundant and richest taxa of the fecal microbiota were Lactobacillus sp and Romboutsia sp. The water quality of the farms did not influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the chickens.
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    Estudio de los criterios fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos y metales pesados en agua para consumo humano en la comunidad de Misquilli, en la parroquia de Santa Rosa, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Lozada López, Jennifer Katherine; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The objective of this research is to characterize the water quality and determine the concentration of heavy metals in the community of Misquilli, belonging to the parish of Santa Rosa. Monitoring was carried out in May 2023, taking 6 samples along the water transport route, from its origin to the point of consumption. In addition, analyses of the physicochemical characteristics of the water were performed using the photometer for minerals and the atomic absorption spectrophotometer for heavy metals; in the microbiological analysis was performed from membrane filtration, following the allowable limits established in Annex 1 of the Environmental Quality Regulations (Table 1 TULSMA) for source water, and in Annex 2 of INEN Standard 1108:2014 for drinking water. The values obtained were interpreted by comparing them with the standards stipulated in the ordinance. Some physicochemical parameters were identified that exceeded the maximum permissible limits (MPL) in fluoride water with values between 3.7 to 4.2 milligrams per liter (MPL of 1.5 milligrams per liter INEN 1108:2014 and Table 1 TULSMA), cadmium with values 0.0032 and 0. 0046 milligrams per liter (MPL of 0.003 milligrams per liter INEN 1108:2014), free residual chlorine with values below 0.04 milligrams per liter (permissible range between 0.3 to 1.5 milligrams per liter INEN 1108:2014) and fecal coliforms with values of 15 CFU per 100 mL (MPL less than 1 CFU per 100 mL INEN 1108:2014).
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    Evaluación de la calidad del agua y determinación de metales pesados en sedimentos de la microcuenca del río Alajua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Moreano Panchi, Ana Belen; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    This study aims to evaluate the quality of surface water and determine the heavy metals in the sediments of the Alajua River micro watershed through the analysis of physicochemical and microbiological parameters. Consequently, it made a sampling campaign and determined five points in the high and low watersheds of the river. The results obtained from characterizing the water and sediment samples were analyzed with the maximum allowable limits set by Ecuadorian environmental legislation (TULSMA). In addition, parameters such as pH and conductivity are monitored at all test points, turbidity, sulfates, and nitrates in the water test, and metals in water sediments did not exceed the following limits: Al, Cd, Cr, As, and Ni. However, high concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, and Pb were found in the upper and lower watershed, exceeding the TULSMA limits. The results of the microbiological analysis showed total and fecal contamination at all points. The most polluted points were point 3 (200 meters below the Pungoloma-Quisapincha road), point 4, and point 5, located in the Aguaján sector. Two water quality indices, NSF and Dinius, were calculated from the data collected. The assessment of the water quality in the river with the two water indicators indicated the three points mentioned earlier to be suitable for human beings and acceptable for agricultural irrigation. In conclusion, the continuous monitoring of this micro-watershed should be constant.
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    Caracterización de la calidad del agua y determinación de metales pesados en sedimentos de la microcuenca del río Colorado
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Frias Carrion, Adriana Jacqueline; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The present investigation aims to characterize the quality of the water and determine the concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the Colorado River micro-basin for the evaluation of the degree of contamination through the water quality index (ICA), for which it was carried out a monitoring in September 2022, taking 5 sampling stations along the Colorado River. On the other hand, the analysis of the physicochemical characteristics was carried out considering the permissible limits of the Environmental Quality Regulation (TULSMA) established in annex 1, for water and in annex 2, for soil. The ICA values were interpreted through the NSF and Dinius classification scale. The results physicochemical parameters that exceeded the permissible limits in water were fecal coliforms, zinc, lead, iron and manganese. On the other hand, the measurements that exceeded the soil quality criteria were hexavalent chromium, cadmium and copper. In accordance with the aforementioned, a regular water quality was estimated using the ICA-NSF. On the other hand, the water was classified as contaminated except for P3, which was acceptable through the Dinius ICA. The condition in the sampling areas in surface waters is mainly due to anthropic activities such as the presence and deposition of animal feces; as well as domestic water discharges and the dry season, which allowed us to investigate the deterioration of water quality in the Colorado River.