Carrera de Biotecnología

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    Producción de biogás por vertederos biorreactores y biodigestores mediante el tratamiento biológico de lixiviados crudos del relleno sanitario de Ambato. Articulado Al Proyecto de Investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2024-0027-R
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Andrade Meneses, Víctor Andrés; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The pollution generated by solid waste in Ecuador constitutes a significant environmental problem due to the formation of leachates with high pollutant loads and the emission of toxic gases such as methane, which could be harnessed as biogas. Given the increasing generation of solid waste and the limitations of treatment systems, the objective of this work was to produce biogas through the use of landfill bioreactors and biodigesters as biological treatment systems. The methodology involved operating two treatment systems over 12 weeks: three columns of landfill bioreactors with layers of sand, compost, green waste, centrifuged sludge, and gravel, and four biodigesters of approximately 4 liters each. Controls and replicates were employed in both systems; the controls received basal medium, while the treatments used real leachate. The landfill bioreactors stood out for their higher efficiency in biogas production and contaminant removal, achieving a significant reduction in the COD of the treated leachates. The biodigesters, although with lower performance, demonstrated stable operation. In conclusion, landfill bioreactors represent a more efficient solution for treating leachates and recovering energy, while biodigesters serve as a complementary alternative. This study contributes to the state of the art by validating sustainable technologies that combine waste management with renewable energy generation, providing practical tools to mitigate environmental impacts in Ecuador and other regions facing similar challenges.