Tesis Medicina Veterinaria
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Item Evaluación del ácido hipocloroso en el tratamiento de enfermedades bacterianas de la superficie ocular en perros(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, 2026-07) Jaramillo Leon, Carlos Andres; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny PiedadIn veterinary medicine, there is a major problem with antibiotic resistance, which has led us to seek treatment options that prevent this resistance in the long term. To test an alternative that reduces antibiotic resistance, the clinical efficacy and economic viability of hypochlorous acid were evaluated in comparison with tobramycin in patients with eye infections. The study involved 20 canine patients, who were divided into two treatment groups: T1, which received 0.01% hypochlorous acid, and T2, which received 0.3% tobramycin. In both groups, ocular swabs were taken before the application of the eye drops and 20 minutes afterwards, thereby measuring the bacterial load in colony-forming units per millilitre (CFU/ml). Cultures and antibiograms demonstrated that Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in all cases as the primary pathogen, whilst Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp. were isolated in some patients in cases of mixed infections. As a result, it was demonstrated that both treatments significantly reduced the bacterial load. The group treated with HOCl fell from an average of 75.50 CFU/ml to 8.60 CFU/ml, whilst the group treated with tobramycin fell from 74.00 CFU/ml to 9.59 CFU/ml. When a Student’s t-test was performed to compare these two groups, a p-value of 0.4634 was obtained, demonstrating that there were no significant differences between the two treatments. It was concluded that hypochlorous acid is a viable, safe and cost-effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of bacterial eye infections in dogs, with results similar to those of tobramycinItem Evaluación del ácido hipocloroso sobre los índices productivos en conejos mestizos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) en etapa de engorde(2026-01) Acosta Acosta, Evelyn Liliana; Lozada Salcedo, Euclides EfraínThis research was conducted at the Doña Blanquita breeding facility, located in the Santa Cruz neighborhood of Ambato, Ecuador. The objective was to evaluate the effects of hypochlorous acid on the production indices of crossbred rabbits during the fattening stage. The aim was to reduce mortality from disease and optimize production time using hypochlorous acid (HClO) as a preventative measure and a potential growth promoter. For this purpose, 24 male rabbits, 12 weeks old, crossbred with Flemish Giant, were selected. Hypochlorous acid was administered orally to the following groups: T1 (0.5 ml/day/animal of HCl), T2 (1 ml/day/animal of HCl), and T3 (1.5 ml/day/animal of HCl), in addition to a control group (T0, no HCl administration). Each group had three replicates, and the experimental unit size was two rabbits. The study lasted 30 days with a mixed diet of commercial feed and alfalfa. The analyzed variables did not show statistically significant differences; however, weight gain was compared, with T1 showing the lowest weight gain (11,131.67 g), while T2 and T3 showed the highest (1,210 g and 1,195 g, respectively). There was a 15 g difference between these two groups, with T2 showing the highest gain. In terms of feed conversion ratio, T3 showed the lowest results compared to the other treatments. T2's results were similar to T1, although T1 was considered representative due to its higher results. No mortality was observed during the study, indicating that hypochlorous acid did not negatively affect the animals. The cost-benefit ratio for T1 and T2 was +0.26 and +0.16 cents, respectively, while T3 showed lower profitability (+0.13 cents). Therefore, all treatments were representative. It is concluded that the administration of hypochlorous acid does not influence production indices; however, given the prescribed history, it has been considered as a therapeutic alternativeItem Efecto de la terapia neural de procaína y ácido hipocloroso en la cicatrización de heridas por Oforosalpingohisterectomia en Canis lupus familiaris(2024-02) Altamirano Mena, Doménica Yajaira; Lozada Salcedo, Euclides EfraínThe objective of this research project was to demonstrate the healing effect of the neural therapy of 1% procaine and 0.025% hypochlorous acid as an alternative therapeutic treatment for more effective wound closure in less time. The study was carried out at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Ambato with the participation of 30 female dogs subjected to Oforosalpingohysterectomy, who had their electrical conductance measured before and after the treatments were applied to test whether there is a change in conductivity. The 30 female dogs were divided into 3 groups, each with 10 patients. Each treatment was applied intradermally around the wound with 1cm by infiltration, where (T1) or control group was administered distilled water, (T2) was infiltrated 1% Procaine and (T3) was used 0.025% hypochlorous acid. The result of each treatment was evaluated with a conventional multimeter model DT-830B for the measurement of electrical conductance and for macroscopic analysis it was performed with the Vancouver scale. Differences were obtained in the 3 treatments, with a favorable effect when administering hypochlorous acid with statistically significant values in the increase of electrical conductance, and 60% of patients recovered on day 6. Concluding with the effectiveness of hypochlorous acid for wound healing and the increase of electrical conductance, generating favorable results in this research. Key words: Ophorosalpingohysterectomy, distilled water, procaine, hypochlorous acid, electrical conductance, healing effect.Item Evaluación del ácido hipocloroso como alternativa terapéutica en otitis bacteriana en perros(2023-09) Ayala Calderón, Bryan Alexander; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco OswaldoThe aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of hypochlorous acid as a therapeutic alternative in bacterial otitis in dogs, as this is a disease that affects numerous patients, characterized by inflammation of the ear canal and having a diverse etiology. A treatment of 0.05% hypochlorous acid (HC1O) was applied and compared with 1% chlorhexidine in 23 dogs with confirmed bacterial otitis through bacterial cultures, identifying five types of bacteria, with Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) being the predominant bacteria, present in more than half of the study subjects. The dogs were divided into two groups, with 12 patients treated with 0.05% HC1O (T1) and 11 with 1% chlorhexidine (T2). Both groups underwent twice-daily ear cleanings for 14 consecutive days. The therapeutic effect of both products was assessed by comparing the results of samples taken before (day 0), during (day 7), and after (day 14) treatment using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts. At the end of the experiment it was obtained that from the total number of bacteria with which the experiment started, there was a 94% decrease in the number of CFU for T1, confirming that for bacterial otitis HC1O works very well as a therapeutic agent to treat bacterial otitis in dogs. As well as comparing the results of T1 and T2, it is confirmed that there is no significant difference between using HC1O at 0.05% or chlorhexidine at 1% since both treatments are equally effective.Item Evaluación de la acción del ácido hipocloroso como alternativa terapéutica en enteritis bacteriana neonatal bovina(2023-03) Villacrés Barona, Elver Alexander; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco AntonioThe present investigation had the objective of evaluating the action of hypochlorous acid (HClO) as a treatment of bovine neonatal bacterial enteritis. The study was carried out in 16 crossbred male calves aged between 1 and 2 weeks, which were located in a place of high epidemiological risk and contracted bacterial enteritis. 4 treatment groups were formed with 4 calves respectively. In three groups, 3 doses of HClO were used; T1: 0.5 ml/kg, T2: 1 ml/kg, T3: 1.5 ml/kg which were administered orally twice a day, the other group was T0: ceftiofur at a dose of 2.2 ml /kg every 12 hours; the time of the application of the treatments was 5 days. The variables analyzed. Degree of affectation of enteritis classified from 0 to 5 where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Degree of diarrhea classified from 0 to 4 where T0, T2 and T3 were different from T1. Stool frequency that recorded the number of stools of the animal per day where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Vital signs; temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate are taken and there were no statistical differences in the treatments except for heart rate where T1 was different from T3. Bacterial load was assessed on the CFU of E. coli where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Leukogram, the values of the analyte’s leucites, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were recorded in which there were no statistical differences in the treatments. By demonstrating that HClO has the same effect as antibiotic therapy, it was concluded that HClO can be used as a treatment for neonatal bacterial enteritis.Item Efecto del ácido hipocloroso como alterativa terapéutica en el control de la población de Malassezia pachydermatis en caninos con procesos dermatológicos(2023-03) Maldonado Reinoso, Krupskaya María; Lozada Salcedo, Efraín EuclidesThe objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of hypochlorous acid as a therapeutic alternative in the control of the population of Malassezia pachydermatis in canines with dermatological processes. The study was carried out in the clinics and veterinary centers of the Cevallos canton with the participation of 36 canines with dermatological lesions and signs suggestive of Malassezia. These underwent a superficial cytology examination with Diff-Quick staining in which their overgrowth was confirmed, presenting more than two yeasts on average of ten random visualization fields with an immersion lens of 100 magnification, with a general average of 13 yeasts per field. The 36 canines were divided into two treatments, each with 18 canines. The control group (T0) underwent two daily cleanings with 2% chlorhexidine, while the research group (T1) underwent two daily cleanings with 0.5% hypochlorous acid, lasting 20 days for both groups. The effect of each treatment was evaluated by culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar, with the count of colony-forming units before and after treatment. Obtaining significant differences in both the control group (T0) and the research group (T1), with a reduction of 74.11% and 50.47% respectively. At the end of the treatment, negative cases were observed in both groups, with a count of less than 70 colony-forming units. No statistically significant differences were observed between the treatments, which shows that hypochlorous acid has the same effect as chlorhexidine. Its effectiveness in the control and reduction of yeasts was concluded, and it can be used in dermatological processes with secondary presentation of Malassezia pachyderamatis.