Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 74
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    Determinación de la degradación del agua residual de los laboratorios ambientales de la Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología tratada mediante fotocatálisis (TiO2/UV)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2024-02) Guamán Chamba, Dámaris Alexandra; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The wastewater generated by the environmental analysis laboratories of educational institutions may present contaminating compounds that need to be treated. In this project, the advanced oxidation process was investigated using titanium dioxide in suspension irradiated with UVC light, to degrade organic contaminants present in wastewater from chemical determinations of the environmental analysis laboratory of the Faculty of Food Sciences and Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. The variation of the pH of the solution, hydrogen peroxide concentration, reaction time and level of contamination of the sample was studied. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by COD removal efficiency. The best treatment presented a COD elimination percentage of 50,33 percent at a pH of 5,6, at a concentration of 70 milligrams per liter of hydrogen peroxide and 120 minutes of exposure, in the sample pretreated by neutralization and diluted to an organic loading concentration of 300 mg COD per liter. A high removal of other contaminants was observed, such as iron, zinc, manganese and heavy metals; Additionally, a high removal of sulfates, phosphates and nitrates was achieved. The BOD5 to COD ratio of the effluent pretreated by neutralization was 0,40, while this ratio was 0,11 for the wastewater treated by photocatalysis, which indicates that after the photocatalytic treatment, oxidation byproducts that are less biodegradable than the organic components of the pretreated effluent.
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    Determinación de las isotermas y cinéticas de adsorción de metales pesados (Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu) sobre adsorbentes de zeolita y piroclasto volcánico para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de lavadoras automotrices del cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-09) Arguello Rodríguez, Diter David; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    Wastewater from human activity and industry mostly ends up in water effluents without any prior treatment, which exacerbates the level of contamination of this resource, these practices cause the decrease in water availability. Automotive washing machines generate high loads of hydrocarbons and heavy metals of which vehicles are composed, which is why the objective of the project was the determination of isotherms and kinetics of adsorbent materials on the wastewater of automotive washing machines in the Ambato canton. The present experimental research project consists of an analysis of adsorption isotherms on heavy metals with known initial concentrations of heavy metals, applying linear adjustment and models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, for which the adsorption capacity of a porous material (pyroclast) and materials with a high degree of ion exchange (mordenite zeolite and cliptonilolite) was evaluated. In addition, the adsorption efficiency of the materials was verified on a sample of synthetic water (distilled water and metal) and one of matrix water (wastewater and metal cations), thus executing a simple adsorption process and a competitive adsorption system, for the preparation of samples the regulations of the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation (TULSMA) were taken as reference. Finally, it was shown that adsorbent materials can decrease the concentration of heavy metals in wastewater, removing up to 95 percent of the initial load of contaminants.
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    Aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos obtenidos en invernaderos de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Villacis Chiliquinga, Saul Elías; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    The development of greenhouse crops has increased in Ecuador in recent years, the main cultivated species are S. lycopersicum L (tomato), Cucumis sativus L (cucumber) and Capsicum anmuum L (pepper), of which it is estimated that the production of organic waste is around 151705.5 tons in the country, for which, the present bibliographic review focused on identifying possible alternatives for the use of agricultural waste as a source of extraction of metabolites and biomass for the production of biocomposites of biotechnological interest. The results of the research show that tomato fruits have a high content of lycopene, which can be extracted from a solid-liquid extraction with a mixture of hexane-ethanol-acetone solvents and by maceration in vegetable oil, methodologies that They allow to extract more than 90 percent of the lycopene from the tomato fruit, in addition, the possibility of using the biomass residues of the three species as a source for the generation of compost enriched with Cry proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria through solid state fermentation was evaluated. (FES), which are widely recognized for their ability to act as a non-phytotoxic insecticide. In conclusion, the research determined that agricultural residues produced in greenhouses can be used as a source of biocomposites of biotechnological interest in the country's food and agricultural industry.
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    Desarrollo de un estudio de estabilización de residuos peligrosos para los laboratorios de la Facultad de Ciencia en Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología (FCIAB)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Tene Moyolema, Wilmer Edison; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The current generation of waste has increased proportionally to population growth. Of these, the university sector is one of which generates waste from the use of laboratories, which by not treating it represents an imminent danger to the environment. Therefore, this project aims to carry out a study of stabilization-solidification of hazardous waste from the laboratories of the Faculty of Science and Engineering in Food and Biotechnology. Belonging to the Technical University of Ambato. Where an inventory was generated classifying waste into three large groups such as: waste from LACONAL laboratories, research, and academics. Additionally, it was estimated that the annual production of waste was 948 kg. Said residues were treated by means of a stabilization-solidification procedure based on pozzolanic portland cement and lime. With which 4 different treatments were elaborated with different proportions of cement, lime, and residue. Obtaining the following favorable treatments. For LACONAL waste, the fourth treatment, for academic laboratory waste, the second treatment, and for academic laboratory waste, the fourth treatment. Additionally, an advanced oxidation treatment was carried out with one of the residues, where favorable results were obtained, reducing the COD by 91 percent, however, when trying to scale this process and try to treat all the residues, a removal percentage of 65 was obtained percent, recommending the use of an additional treatment.
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    Determinación de la cinética de adsorción y curvas de ruptura de metales pesados (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) en las sustancias adsorbentes piedra caliza, carbón activo y turba
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Guijarro Padilla, Alex Salin; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    Industrial water from washing machines in the city of Ambato can reach levels of heavy metals that are harmful to the environment and public health. This study aims to determine the kinetics of adsorption of active carbon, limestone and peat adsorbents towards the bivalent heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr (VI) through discontinuous experiments, to determine the kinetics and the matrix effect. For this process, 10 g of adsorbent were placed in 500 ml of the solution enriched with metals 10 times the permissible limits by TULSMA at 150 rpm and 60 min. Data were evaluated by adsorption capacity and removal percentage, while kinetic data were evaluated using pseudo first and second order models. In the continuous experimentation of the rupture curves, work was carried out by means of the experimental installation of two columns as a filter medium. The discontinuous experience showed that peat and activated carbon are the best adsorbents with removal percentages higher than 80 percent for most of the metals, being the pseudo-second order kinetic model the one that best fit for most of the metals and the cases with their respective corroboration with other bibliographic studies. Finally, the rupture curves as a function of time were satisfactorily performed, showing the best performance by having 2 columns, being the most viable, economical, and sustainable solution for the treatment of media contaminated by heavy metals.
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    Simulación computacional del tratamiento de lixiviados del relleno sanitario de Ambato mediante un filtro aeróbico y anaeróbico
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Falcón Quinchiguango, Jhoana Elizabeth; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The leachate is the product of the harvest of solid waste buried in landfills, being highly contaminated, they require treatment before being discharged into the natural environment. The leachate treatment plant in Ambato, on which this study focuses, uses biological methods based on anaerobic and aerobic processes, specifically the UASB reactor and the trickling filter. This research seeks to model and simulate these processes using the COMSOL MULTHYPHYSICS version 5.4 software, applying Darcy's law and physics that describe the behavior of the flow, the transport of species, biological reactions through specific parameters, coefficients and constants to reach a model. the closest to reality. The results obtained through the simulations were compared with the experimental data, achieving a removal of around 60 percent of BOD and COD, an increase in ammonium and phosphate nutrients, and a decrease of more than 90 percent in heavy metals. similar to the real UASB reactor. In the trickling filter, the removal of organic matter has a significant difference since removal percentages higher than 40 are obtained and in practice it does not exceed 9 percent, the same happens with those of nutrients since less than 10 percent is eliminated, the case of heavy metals the opposite occurs since it is reduced even in its entirety. According to the analysis carried out, the importance of the simulation is verified since it can warn of factors or conditions that are affected by the current process.
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    Actualidad de la reutilización y reciclaje de desechos provenientes de curtiembres, revisión en Ecuador y el mundo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Anchatipán Bastidas, Dayana Mishel; Flores Tapia, Nelly Esther
    Tanneries are industries whose main activity is leather tanning, to obtain products of commercial value such as: bags, shoes, wallets, jackets, belts, etc. The leather tanning process generates solid, gaseous, and liquid waste, with solid and liquid waste being the most abundant. These are discharged into water resources and landfills; due to toxic compounds they contaminate these ecosystems causing the death of their flora and fauna. Therefore, the application of recycling processes and reuse of solid waste and liquid effluents from tanneries for their use as raw material to manufacture value-added products and the reuse of the same wastewater for the tanning process. The basis of this research project consists in the collection of information using the Connected-Paper and RedCube-Paper software where it was found that the solid waste was used for the production of glues, hydrolyzed collagen, production of gelatin and amino acids, biofuels. , fatliquoring for leather and biogas, while chrome is recovered from liquid effluents for transformation into chrome salts reused as a tanning agent, which is why this project aims to make the feasibility of applying recycling and reuse process strategies that are used worldwide for solid waste and liquid effluents generated by Ecuadorian tanneries, promoting the reduction of these wastes and the reduction of the environmental impact caused by them in Ecuador.
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    Aplicación de exfoliado de grafito a partir del grafito proveniente de pilas recicladas para el mejoramiento de la calidad del agua residual de la lavadora de carros Lavadora Express ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Rodríguez Pinto, Adriana Cristina; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    Carbon is the most abundant element nature, and the number of compounds of which it is a part is infinite. The benefits of this element have been investigated, with the aim of seeking improvements in various aspects of human development. One of the most worrying aspects is pollution, the excessive use of water sources in the city of Ambato, make us wonder if society is aware that the water resource is not infinite and the impact it can have on the well-being of future generations. It is for this reason that this study is focused on the benefit that can be obtained from the exfoliated graphite obtained from recycled batteries, and its use as a mitigating agent of wastewater pollution, especially in car washers. For this research, samples were taken from the Lavadora Express car washer and the following study variables were established: Obtaining graphite exfoliation, the characteristics of the graphite exfoliation from FT-IR and UV - VIS spectrophotometry, quality parameters of the water as pH, total solids, suspended solids, color, turbidity, BOD and COD; lead adsorption isotherms. In conclusion, the graphite exfoliation is useful to improve the quality of the residual water.
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    Tratamiento fisicoquímico de drenajes ácidos de roca (DARs) provenientes de las actividades de minería metálica en Ecuador
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Jurado Amaluisa, Raquel Elizabeth; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    Active and passive treatments are used as a cost effective option to treat acid mine drainage (AMD) through the use of physical, chemical or microbiological processes. These drainages are characterized by being highly acidic, in addition to presenting high concentrations of heavy metals that are toxic to the environment and living beings. The purpose of this study is the removal of metals and the neutralization of acidity of AMD obtained from Santa Rosa, El Oro province, for which this process will be validated through the design, assembly and operation of a continuous operation pilot plant, which involves physicochemical processes, it consists of the initial reactor where neutralization, aeration and coagulation take place, followed by the settler where the sludge is retained and finally, the sand/limestone filter. The average removal percentages were 100 percent iron, 99.94 percent copper, 100 percent arsenic, 94.06 percent cadmium, 99.66 percent manganese, 95.73 percent aluminum, and a final pH of 8.42, fulfilling all the parameters with the limits established for its release. The sulfate was not removed, however, it is below the maximum permissible limit for its release. From the results obtained, it is possible to demonstrate the effectiveness and importance of the assembly and operation of a pilot plant for the removal of metals and neutralization of acidity present in the acid drainage of mines in Santa Rosa, El Oro province.
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    Caracterización de agua residual proveniente de la industria automotriz del cantón Ambato y su tratamiento por adsorción para remoción de metales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Aguas Salazar, Bryan Gilmar; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    Most of the residual effluents are discharged into bodies of water without any type of pre-treatment, which increases the risk of contamination of surface and groundwater. This experimental project consists of a physicochemical characterization and a pre- treatment of the residual effluent generated in several car laundries of the Ambato canton to suggest alternative treatments for the removal of metals present in the effluent, in order to be disposed of properly. For this, random samples were collected from the laundries at different points for subsequent homogenization, these samples were characterized through 14 physicochemical parameters. These results were compared with the current Texto Unificado de Legislación Secundaria de Medio Ambiente (TULSMA), where it was observed that they do not comply with some parameters established by the standard. On the other hand, for its pre-treatment with adsorption isotherms, solutions with known concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn were used, which were added in different types of adsorbent materials (peat, limestone and activated carbon) to different weights, obtaining a result of 24 samples for each metal that were subsequently analyzed by spectrophotometry. Thanks to this, it was possible to describe the individual behavior of each pollutant used in the Langmuir and Freundlich models, finding a great correlation in the latter according to the determined parameters. Once the results were analyzed, it was established that the degree of removal of each contaminating metal was greater than 90 percent; having active carbon and peat as the best bioadsorbent.