Browsing by Author "León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo"

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Determinación del porcentaje de aceite de cuatro variedades de aguacate (Persea americana) en el sector Las Viñas
(2021-01) Mejía Pallo, Jonathan Patricio; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
Considering the importance of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) at the national level and based on its growing production, obtaining avocado oil emerges as an alternative to use the fruit in order to strengthen its production chain. The present work aimed to determine the percentage of oil in four varieties of avocado, with two drying methods (in the sun and in an oven), evaluating the physical characteristics (density, viscosity, oil color, soluble solids of the pulp, index refraction) of avocado oil. The samples were taken at the property of Mrs. Roció Morales Sánchez, located in the Las Viñas San Alfonso sector, of the Ambato canton, Tungurahua Province. According to the Global Positioning System (GPS) it is located at an altitude of 2597 meters above sea level, in the geographical coordinates: latitude 1 ° 14 ”48” S and longitude 78 ° 37 ”05” W. In the investigation a block design was used randomized DBCA, with eight treatments and three repetitions. The methodology used consisted of a previous collection of the fruit of the varieties under study, which were subjected to softening for five days, to later extract the pulp, place it according to the protocol for each treatment and record the information of each variable. During data processing, the Infostat statistical program was used, in the variables with significant responses, the Tukey test was applied to (5%). The result of the investigation determined as the best treatment to the variety Semil 34 with the oven drying method, presenting the best levels of pulp yield, the percentage of extracted oil. Concluding the work, it was found that the physical properties did not show a significant trend and did not present statistically significant differences after an analysis of variance.
Diagnóstico de la situación actual del cultivo de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) por el ataque de (Bactericera cockerelli)
(2023-08) Tustón Jara, Juan Gabriel; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
This research was carried out in the San Cristóbal de Patate canton in the province of Tungurahua with the purpose of identifying the current situation of the tree tomato crop (Solanum betaceum) due to its affectation by the attack of Paratrioza (Bactericera cockerelli). Different agronomic, economic and social variables were determined in order to identify the relationship between the tree tomato (S. Betaceum) crop and the development conditions of farmers. It was identified that since the affectation by Paratrioza (B. cockerelli), the cultivation of this solanaceous crop was reduced by 46% and its production cost increased, reducing farmers' income. According to the survey conducted, technical assistance is provided to 50% of fruit growers. It is also determined that the areas to be cultivated have decreased by 46%, so their economic losses according to the surveys conducted are around 60%, this may be due to the excessive use of pesticides and increased labor, which makes production costs more expensive. This research showed that there is a lack of technical support to producers, so that their economic losses increase and their socioeconomic level decreases in most of the population of Patate, which is why in the surveys determined that farmers have chosen to change their cropping pattern, having death of their tomato plantations by affecting Bactericera cockerelli.
Evaluación bromatológica de Forraje Verde Hidropónico en dos variedades de Maíz (Zea mays), y Vicia (Vicia sativa)
(2024-08) Camino Grijalva, César Alexander; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
Hydroponic green fodder (HGF) emerges as a sustainable alternative for the production of feed for cattle in arid and semi-arid areas. The demand for agricultural products has driven the introduction of agriculture and livestock in these fragile areas, which can cause environmental degradation. HGF is grown in an environment free of chemicals and growth promoters, using viable seeds and a soil-less method. Corn and vetch are two of the best crops for HGF. Hydroponic systems adapt to the local climate, allowing the cultivation of specific species and ensuring a constant supply of nutrient-rich feed for livestock. The objective of this research was to bromatologically evaluate hydroponic green fodder of corn and vetch. The performance of hydroponic production of the fodders was determined. The test was carried out in the Bellavista neighborhood, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. Therefore, the global positioning system (GPS) is located at an altitude of 2650 meters above sea level and in geographic coordinates: Latitude 1 ° 14′56 "South and longitude 78 ° 37′00" West. A design (BCA) with a 2x2 factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions was applied and the Tukey test was performed at 5%. The results obtained from the bromatological evaluation show that the common vetch variety species with the FVHB1 treatment reported a higher percentage of crude protein, dry matter and ash. On the other hand, with a higher percentage of ether extract, the yellow corn variety species with the FVHA1 treatment, likewise the FVHB2 treatment reported a higher percentage of crude fiber. The performance of hydroponic forage production. Common vetch (FVHB1) has a higher yield in the variable plant height with 29.33 cm as well as the variable root length with the FVHA2 treatment of 7.00 cm while, the highest yield in the variable final weight of the forage was the FVHA2 treatment with 3.60 kg which makes it a more attractive option for large-scale hydroponic production. Keywords
Evaluación de dos hidrosoles vegetales para el manejo de la cenicilla (Leveillula taurica) en el cultivo de cebolla blanca (Allium fistulosum)
(2024-08) Anguisaca Toapanta, Gunter Israel; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) can be attacked by several diseases caused by phytopathogens, including powdery mildew caused by Leveillula taurica, which can cause economic losses if effective control measures are not implemented. Due to the problems associated with the indiscriminate use of chemical products, the use of alternative agro-sustainable products has increased. In this research, the effect of two plant hydrolates for the management of powdery mildew in Welsh onion crops in the Saquisilí municipality was evaluated. The effect of rosemary hydrolate and molle hydrolate at concentrations of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cc/L was evaluated on the incidence and severity of powdery mildew. The results were compared with the effectiveness of a commercial product (emulsifiable neem oil). The results demonstrated the efficiency of both hydrosols, however, the greatest reduction in incidence was observed with the application of rosemary hydrosol at doses of 1.5 and 2.0 cc/L. Similarly, the severity of powdery mildew in white onion plants was lower in plants treated with both types of hydrosols, with the effect being greater after the second application when the severity reached between 1.1 and 4.7% with rosemary hydrosol and between 0.9 and 3.3% with molle hydrosol. The lower incidence and severity of powdery mildew translated into better and greater plant growth and consequently into better crop yield. In view of the low costs of obtaining it and its effectiveness, the use of rosemary hydrosol at a dose of 1.5 cc/L is recommended as an alternative for sustainable management of powdery mildew in white onion since it has proven to be effective in significantly reducing the incidence and severity of the disease.
Evaluación de escarificación química de semillas de mora (Rubus glaucus)
(2024-08) Urquiso Ruiz, Estephany Micaela; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
The blackberry (Rubus glaucus) belonging to the Rosaceae family is recognised as one of the genera with the largest number of species in the Plantae kingdom, including approximately 300 species, which are distributed throughout the world, except in desert areas. This fruit belongs to the berry group, which is rich in vitamin C and antioxidants. Scarification is a technique which consists of subjecting the seed to certain physical, mechanical and chemical parameters in order to shorten the dormancy of the seeds. This research was carried out in the Cevallos canton on the premises of the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, with the aim of "Evaluating the chemical scarification of blackberry (Rubus glaucus) seeds. For this research a randomised complete block design was used with five treatments and three replications, having as study factors the chemical scarification based on H2SO4 at 80% and 85% and NaClO at 7.25% and 5.25, by means of an analysis of variance compared by the Tukey test of means (P< 0.05) and an ADEVA. The results showed that for the variables analysed such as germination percentage, plant height and number of leaves evaluated at 60, 70 and 80 days, the best treatment was T1 (NaClO 5.25%); however, for the variable number of leaves at 80 days, T2 (NaClO 7.25%) was higher. We can conclude that T1 was the best treatment, obtaining 33% germination. This may be due to the fact that blackberry seed has exogenous dormancy, which does not allow easy germination, thus obtaining germination percentages of less than 50%.
Evaluación de Giberelinas para elongación del tallo en col ornamental (Brassica oleracea)
(2024-08) Galarza Mayorga, Tannia Vaneza; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
The application of gibberellins for stem elongation in ornamental cabbage (Brassica oleracea) was evaluated. As is already known, gibberellic acid promotes cell growth by stimulating the development and elongation of the stem in plants. Therefore, in this research it was proposed to obtain long and thin stems according to the client's needs for marketing. To carry out this research, a Completely Randomized Block Design (DBCA) was used, with two doses of gibberellic acid (D1 47.5 ppm, D2 27.5 ppm) at three different times of application (E1 20 days, E2 35 days and E3 50 days) plus a control (No Application) with three repetitions, for the results a Tukey significance test was carried out at 5%, significant statistical differences were obtained in the treatments. The variables to be evaluated were: stem height (cm) where the D1E3 treatment has the greatest stem elongation with 31.63 cm. In the variable stem diameter (cm), the results obtained were that the D1E3 treatment has an average of 1.04 cm, which is acceptable for commercialization. In the variable equatorial diameter of the rosette (cm), it was found that the D1E1 treatment has an average of 6.94 cm, which is why it is acceptable for commercialization. In the variable number of rosette leaves, it was obtained that the D1E1 treatment results in 56.33 number of rosette leaves. In the variable number of leaves removed, the D1E3 treatment resulted in 16.67 leaves removed from the stem. In the variable days to harvest, it was obtained that the D2E3 treatment was harvested 94 days after transplanting. However, the variables studied can be considered according to the demands of the market and the tastes of the client at the time of marketing.
Evaluación de la efectividad de Cladosporium sp. en el control de Tetranychus urticae Koch en el cultivo de Rubus glaucus Benth
(2023-03) Toapanta Bayas, Wilmer Eduardo; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
The blackberry known as Rubus glaucus is a product that has reached high commercialization rates, it is known that in Ecuador, precisely in the provinces of Chimborazo, Tungurahua and Cotopaxi, they have managed to reach production of up to 30 tons per hectare, for this reason it is necessary to pest control how the red spider known worldwide as Tetranychus urticae being a very proliferating pest that attacks crops in all its nymphal stages. This project is focused on the purification and application of the entomopathogenic fungus Cladosporium sp to determine the efficiency through the mortality of T. urticae populations. The fungus was planted in Petri dishes with PDA medium, it was purified 2 times until obtaining colonies with a homogeneous appearance, which can be recognized mainly by its peculiar olive blue color that can be seen from both sides of the petri dish. For the mite breeding units, controlled populations were carried out with 5 repetitions with 10 units for each treatment and a control and 4 doses of the acaropathogenic cladosporium isolate were determined, which were T1 (Control), T2 (2x10³), T3 (2x10⁴ ), T4 (2x10⁵) and T5 (2x10⁶ conidia/ml), at the end of 12 days it was observed that T5 and T4 achieved mortalities of 64% (a) and 48% (ab) respectively. T3 presented 40% mortality, while T2 and T1 mortality of 28 and 26%. The T5 and T4 tested in the laboratory were taken to the field and after 15 days of observation they gave 49 and 32% mortality of T. urticae, they were examined under the statistical distribution analysis “T – student” with the objective of determining the dose of entomopathogenic Cladosporium that best controls the blackberry spider mite.
Evaluación de la producción de forraje verde hidropónico de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) con nutrición mineral
(2024-02) Gavilanes Pérez, Abraham Ezequiel; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
Production of hydroponic forage is a relevant technology for obtaining high-quality forage in a short time. In the case of barley, it represents the fourth most cultivated cereal in the world, which makes it very important for global agriculture. The objective of this research was to determine the performance of hydroponic green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) forage under two nutrient solutions. Each nutrient solution varied in the content of nutrients such as N, P, K, other secondary macro elements (Mg, S and Ca) and microelements. Was evaluated the effect on plant height, fresh weight and dry root and aerial part, incidence of contaminants and yield in fresh weight of the shoot were evaluated. The solution A, with the highest nutrient content (N: 147ppm, P: 76ppm, K: 225ppm Ca: 120ppm) produced the highest plant height (19.1 cm), mat thickness was also achieved. root (5.8 cm), fresh and dry weight of the aerial part (60.9 and 24.9 g, respectively) and fresh and dry weight of the root mat (147.7 and 77.3 g, respectively) and, finally, higher yield (13.9 kg/m2). There was no effect of the nutrient solution on the number of leaves, quality of the root mat, incidence of contaminants and days to harvest. This type of technology is little known in the country, however, given the high quality of the forage obtained hydroponically, it is suggested that socialization campaigns be carried out among producers in the region to show the feasibility of its production. Keywords: barley, green fodder, hydroponics
Evaluación de tres productos para el control de Oídio (Oídium sp.) en el cultivo de duraznero (Prunus persica) en el Cantón Cevallos
(2024-08) Ocaña Tisalema, Anderson Fabricio; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
The objective of this study was to evaluate three products for the control of powdery mildew (Oídium sp.) in the peach crop (Prunus persica) in Cantón Cevallos. In an established crop of badger variety and 5 years old. This project was carried out specifically in Caserío Santo Domingo in the property of Mr. Olguer León. We analyzed which is the best product and the best frequency of applicationfor powdery mildew control, the variables studied are: percentage of incidence, fruit size,fruit weight, measurement of chlorophyll and nitrogen. The treatment that gives us the lowest incidence and the one that gives us the highest weight and size is T3 and the one that contains the best chlorophyll and nitrogen is T1. All these data were analyzed in a significant Tukey test at 5% which results show that the lowest percentage of incidence is 13.06% and the highest weight 102.67 g, the largest equatorial size 6.27cm, the largestpolar size 7.03cm, these results are obtained with treatment 3 (Libertaje), in chlorophyll we have 20, 16SPAD, in nitrogen 6.58mg/g, these results were obtained with treatment 1(Vitanica ZR) to obtain a lower percentage of incidence and give a better crop yield withhigher production and quality fruit, the product that helps us with these results is the Libertaje in the frequency of application every 12 days
Evaluación de tres tipos de injerto de Claudia (Prunus domestica) en patrón franco de durazno (Prunus persica) en el cantón Patate
(2024-02) Sanipatin Guano, Alexis David; León Gordon, Olguer Alfredo
The research was conducted in the province of Tungurahua, canton Patate in the Quíntala neighborhood, located at 2340 meters above sea level, with geographical coordinates 1°18'26" S South Latitude and 78°29'39" W West Longitude. Entitled (Evaluation of three types of grafting of Claudia (Prunus domestica) on peach (Prunus persica) rootstock in Canton Patate), the objective was to identify the type of grafting viable and the cost benefits in the production of Claudia plants. The variables evaluated were the percentage of yield, number of graft leaves, graft height, graft diameter, each at different times from 30 to 45 days, which we obtained statistical differences in a completely randomized experimental model, with three replicates and three treatments, an ADEVA (Analysis of Variance) was performed and later analyzed with a 5% Tukey test, obtaining as the best treatment that was the lateral scion graft, obtaining 100% of yield at 30 days, number of graft leaves of 29. 40, graft height of 10.95 cm, average graft diameter was 1.48 mm, for this reason, it is the recommended graft to perform on peach rootstocks (Prunus persica) in areas with climatic characteristics similar to the canton of Patate. Key words: grafting, cultivation, claudia, bud, peach.