Browsing by Author "Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto"

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Desarrollo de una estrategia didáctica con enfoques complejos para el aprendizaje de las ciencias biomédicas básicas
(2025-04-01) Arana Chamorro, Michelle Paulette; Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de Posgrados
This study focuses on the design and implementation of an innovative educational strategy to strengthen the learning of the preanalytical phase in clinical laboratory students in their first semester at the Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Recognizing the importance of the preanalytical phase in diagnostic accuracy and the fact that errors in this stage can exceed 70%, the aim of this research was to integrate dynamic teaching methods to address the limitations of traditional approaches. To develop the study, a methodology based on gamification, active learning, and problembased learning (PBL) was implemented, combining practical activities with theoretical elements to foster deep and contextualized learning. A pre-test and post-test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this strategy in a group of 34 students. The statistical analysis results showed significant progress in acquiring competencies related to patient identification, sample handling, and preventing critical errors in the preanalytical phase. Additionally, a reduction in the learning gaps among the participants was observed. The pedagogical intervention proved effective not only in improving theoretical knowledge but also in developing practical skills that are essential for high-quality professional training. This integrative educational model promotes equity in learning and provides students with tools to face clinical challenges, emphasizing the importance of active methodologies in the training of health professionals.
EL CIGARRILLO ELECTRÓNICO COMO UN PROBLEMA EMERGENTE DE SALUD PÚBLICA EN ADOLESCENTES Y ADULTOS JÓVENES. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA
(2025-06-16) Reinoso Espín, Paulina Abigaíl; Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Objective: To evaluate the impact of e-cigarette use on the health of adolescents and young people in order a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors and their associated consequences. Method: search in databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect and SciElo, published since 2020, obtaining 14 studies after screening. Results: The use of electronic cigarettes is very frequent and is not effective for adolescents and young people to quit smoking, but facilitates their evolution towards smoking. Conclusions: Adolescents and young people are unaware of the health risks associated with the use of electronic cigarettes and their erroneous perception that they are less harmful favors their popularity. It is crucial to implement educational programs in schools to correct these perceptions.
El estrés oxidativo y su relación con enfermedades neurodegenerativas. Revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-06-09) Montero Naranjo, María José; Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto
In the field of neurodegenerative diseases, the exact cause of these conditions is unknown. However, it is believed that oxidative stress may be a major factor in cell damage, leading to impairment of the DNA repair system and mitochondrial dysfunction. This is because oxygen has two unpaired electrons in its outer shell, making it prone to free radical formation. Free radicals have been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Normally, an adequate amount of antioxidants and ROS (reactive oxygen species) maintains equilibrium in the cell. ROS generation occurs in various parts of the cell, especially in the mitochondria, which are important for energy production. Antioxidants counteract oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals and preventing the cascade of reactions that can lead to health disorders and premature aging. Exposure to climate change-induced global warming, including increased frequency and intensity of heat waves, can generate stress and damage DNA, proteins and brain cells, increasing the risk of neurodegeneration.
Relación de la alimentación y el estrés oxidativo sobre la salud humana. Revisión bibliográfica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2023-06-09) López Miranda, Iván Steven; Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto
Oxidative stress is considered as an alteration between the balance of oxidizing and antioxidant agents that results in a change, which at first is considered cellular caused by exposure to reactive oxygen species reaching the depths of the human body, being molecular. to such an extent that we would face the distress of the aforementioned elements, understanding that diseases are not only macromolecular but also micromolecular affectations. Physical, chemical, and microbial agents cause oxidative compromise, however, these reactions are necessary for all processes of the human organism, evidenced in cellular respiration, lipid synthesis, phagocytosis, as opposed to antioxidants, being elements that have the capacity to counteract this imbalance. In the present study, the concepts of oxidative stress and the relationship of food on human health were synthesized.
REVISIÓN DEL USO DE LOS OLIGONUCLEÓTIDOS ANTISENTIDO COMO TERAPIA PARA LA ENFERMEDAD DE HUNTINGTON
(2025-06-16) Solis Chiriboga, Ariel Alejandro; Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Medicina
Introduction: Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, and whose current treatment focuses on the control of symptoms, which is why in recent years several therapies have been evaluated, including Antisense oligonucleotides, a promising strategy, thanks to their ability to modulate the expression of the mutated huntingtin protein. Objectives: To analyze the use of antisense oligonucleotides as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Huntington's disease, with the purpose of understanding its therapeutic potential, recent advances and future perspectives in this field. Materials and methods: a bibliographic search was carried out using the PRISMA methodology in databases such as PubMed, limited to documents in English published during the last 5 years, using keywords such as “Huntington’s Disease”, “Antisense Oligonucleotides”, “Treatment” “Tominersen”, selecting only documents such as original articles, bibliographic reviews and clinical trial reports related to the use of Antisense Oligonucleotides as therapy for Huntington’s Disease. Results: 150 articles were collected and analyzed, of which 30 documents were excluded due to their age and 40 due to lack of access and quality of information, leaving a total of 80 articles to which inclusion criteria were applied, selecting 25 articles for completion. of this literature review on the use of antisense oligonucleotides in Huntington’s disease Conclusion: antisense oligonucleotides show great therapeutic potential for Huntington’s disease by directly attacking the underlying cause of the disease, mutated huntingtin. However, significant challenges still remain, which is why better research is needed to ensure efficacy. and safety of this therapy in the long term.
Simulación de la dispersión de contaminantes en el aire de la ciudad de Ambato emitidos por fuentes fijas y por la actividad del volcán Tungurahua, mediante la utilización de los softwares ambientales especializados disper versión 5.2 y screen view
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2011) Bustillos Ortiz, Alcides Alberto; Velasteguí Sánchez, José Ramiro
La contaminación atmosférica en los últimos años se ha convertido en uno de los principales problemas ambientales, debido entre otros muchos factores a desastres naturales y al impacto de las actividades antropogénicas. Aspectos que han producido un efecto perjudicial en la calidad del aire y que han provocado la preocupación de la sociedad y de sus autoridades. La ciudad de Ambato a través de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato y la administración del Municipio de Ambato dentro de su plan de gestión ambiental de su ciudad, han considerado importante la investigación de la contaminación causada por las chimeneas de las industrias existentes en la región clasificadas como fuentes fijas, así como el estudio del efecto causado por la reciente actividad del volcán Tungurahua que incide en la calidad del aire de la ciudad. Como parte del proyecto Diagnóstico de las emisiones por fuentes fijas y diseño de un programa de monitoreo para el control de la calidad del aire en la ciudad de Ambato, se seleccionó del catastro de la ciudad de Ambato las empresas industriales y de servicios consideradas fuentes fijas de contaminación del aire, para lo cual se calculó el tamaño muestral y se determinó una muestra final de 42 empresas, las mismas que se encuentra detallada en el Anexo A, Tabla A-1. De las empresas seleccionadas se realizó el estudio sobre la simulación de la dispersión de contaminantes en el aire de la ciudad de Ambato, emitidos por fuentes fijas y por la actividad del volcán Tungurahua, mediante la utilización de los softwares ambientales especializados Screen View y Disper 5.2, mediante el cual se obtuvo un diagnóstico general del cumplimiento de los parámetros del Texto de Legislación Ambiental Secundario TULAS, así como de otros indicadores adicionales evidenciado en la Tabla A-14. Se estableció los valores de la concentración por la dispersión y alcance de los contaminantes a nivel del suelo mediante simulación con Screen View y se profundizó el análisis de la simulación para las empresas que reportaban emisiones significativas de contaminantes mediante el uso del software Disper 5.2, evidenciados en la Tabla A-8 a la A-11, así como en el Gráfico D-10 al D-15. Al no ser Disper 5.2 un modelo diseñado para la evaluación de penachos volcánicos, se realizaron dos pruebas del modelo gaussiano para simular la dispersión de las emisiones del volcán Tungurahua. Mediante ejercicios comparativos con imágenes satelitales de los flujos de ceniza reportados en el Gráfico D-16 y D-17, se estableció la existencia de la relación con las emisiones del volcán Tungurahua de los datos de material particulado medidos en la estación de control de la calidad del aire de la Dirección de Higiene y Ambiente del Municipio de Ambato señalado en la Tabla B-17 y se caracterizó la calidad del aire de acuerdo al índice ICAIRE de las zonas de influencia de las empresas estudiadas y evaluadas en la Tabla A-13.