Estudio del proceso de soldadura del sistema de anclaje placa base-varilla, y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas de una edificación de cuatro plantas de una estructura metálica

Abstract

In the national context of Ecuador, where construction and urban development are fundamental for economic and social growth, the need arises to investigate and understand in depth the welding process of the base plate - rod anchorage system and its impact on the mechanical properties of metal structure buildings. The safety and durability of buildings are essential aspects to ensure the protection of lives and property, as well as to boost confidence in the country's infrastructure. The methodology applied in this research included linear static and spectral modal design, using standards such as AISC 360-16 and NEC 2015 to obtain reactions that would allow the adequate design of the base plate. In addition, the macrograph visual inspection test was used to evaluate the weld quality and its effects on the mechanical properties. The results obtained were satisfactory in terms of the geometry of the base plate and the anchor-rod welding process and tests performed, indicating adequate structural integrity, which is capable of adequately resisting the load generated in the columns of a 4-story building, adequately transmitting the forces and moments to the concrete pedestal and the foundation structure. This study highlights the importance of guaranteeing the quality of the welding process in metallic structures, especially in critical elements such as the base plate - rod anchorage system. As a continuation of this research, it is suggested the implementation of more detailed analyses on the mechanical behavior of welds under real load conditions, as well as the periodic evaluation of the structural integrity in similar buildings. The influence of additional variables, such as the operating environment and the quality of materials, remains to be studied in order to further strengthen the safety and reliability of metallic constructions in Ecuador.