EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA SOBRE EL USO DE REALIDAD VIRTUAL INMERSIVA EN EL MANEJO DEL DOLOR ONCOLÓGICO

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer-related pain remains a frequent and challenging clinical problem. In recent years, immersive virtual reality has emerged as a nonpharmacological intervention capable of modulating pain perception during oncological procedures and treatments, improving the patient experience. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on the use of immersive virtual reality as a complementary intervention to reduce perceived pain in oncology patients, compared with standard care. Methods: Randomized clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies with comparator groups published between 2020 and 2025 were included, all of which evaluated pain using validated scales. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and CINAHL. Study selection was performed in pairs using digital screening tools; data extraction was carried out with a standardized form, and methodological quality was assessed using validated checklists. A narrative synthesis was performed. Results: A total of 258 records were identified, of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most reported significant reductions in pain during invasive procedures and oncological treatments. In pediatric populations, notable decreases in both pain and anxiety were observed. No serious adverse events related to the use of immersive virtual reality were reported. Discussion: Findings indicate that immersive virtual reality is a safe and effective tool for reducing pain and supporting emotional adaptation. However, methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes persist across studies. Conclusions: Immersive virtual reality represents a promising complementary intervention for managing pain in oncology patients. Multicenter studies with greater methodological rigor are recommended.