Diseño arquitectónico de un hábitat rural sostenible aplicado a los páramos de la sierra centro ecuatoriana sobre los 3000 m.s.n.m.

Abstract

This research develops the architectural design of a sustainable rural habitat applied to the páramo ecosystems of the central Ecuadorian highlands above 3,000 m a.s.l., with a focus on the canton of Santiago de Píllaro, in the province of Tungurahua. The study arises in response to the deficit of adequate housing in high-altitude rural areas, characterized by extreme climatic conditions, limited access to basic services, and the progressive loss of traditional construction systems. The main objective was to design a sustainable rural housing model that articulates bioclimatic architecture principles, integrating passive thermal comfort systems based on the use of traditional materials and complementary systems that support public service networks. The methodology followed a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, using techniques such as direct observation, semi-structured interviews, review of territorial regulations, and analysis of architectural precedents. The results highlight the need to rethink rural housing models through strategies that improve ways of inhabiting, promote efficient resource management, and adapt construction systems to páramo conditions. As a main outcome, a single-family housing project was developed, integrating sustainable strategies replicable in similar environmental contexts. It is concluded that the proposed project demonstrates the feasibility of applying bioclimatic architecture principles in páramo environments through the proper integration of orientation, thermal mass, passive solar systems, and waste management. These strategies reduce dependence on external energy sources, consolidating a replicable model that improves housing conditions in high-altitude rural areas.