Desarrollo de habilidades laborales en las personas con discapacidad intelectual institucionalizadas y no institucionalizadas

Abstract

The development of job skills in people with intellectual disabilities is a crucial issue to promote social and labor inclusion. According to the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD), this condition is characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, affecting practical, social and conceptual areas (Schalock et al., 2010). In Ecuador, people with intellectual disabilities represent 23.35% of the population with disabilities (CONADIS, 2023), who face structural and social challenges that hinder their labor integration. This study addresses the differences between the development of work skills in institutionalized and non-institutionalized people with intellectual disabilities, highlighting the impact of the environments on their autonomy, integration and employability. Institutionalized and non-institutionalized conditions indicate important differences in the development of work skills, which justifies the need to analyze these dynamics in order to propose inclusive strategies. The instrument <Work Personality Profile=, allowed the evaluation of basic skills and factors, the sample included 67 people with intellectual disabilities of which 36 were institutionalized and 31 non-institutionalized. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Cronbach's Alpha coefficient to validate the reliability of the instrument. The development of job skills is influenced by the environment in which people with intellectual disabilities develop.