Análisis de los procesos de producción de yogur en la microempresa lácteos FLOR y su impacto en las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias del producto

Abstract

This paper focuses on the analysis of the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the dairy microenterprise Flor, located in the canton of Píllaro, province of Tungurahua, and its impact on yogurt production processes. The objective is to identify possible nonconformities to be corrected in the facilities and processes necessary to obtain, in the future, ensuring the sustainability of the quality and safety of the yogurt produced. Through an initial diagnosis based on resolution ARCSA-DE-2022-016-AKRG, an efficient yogurt production line was identified, with low regulatory compliance of 44,3 percent, 44,1 percent non-compliance, and 11,6 percent non-applicability. The main deficiencies include the lack of a ventilation system and absence of documented procedures, which compromise quality assurance and product safety. Microbiological evaluation of the yogurt revealed an absence of pathogens; however, in the swabbing of the equipment, total coliforms were detected in the kettle, indicating problems of inadequate hygienic conditions and a potential risk of contamination. To correct the nonconformities found, an action plan was designed with an estimated investment of 7 195 dollars over one year for implementation. This plan includes improvements to the production lines, redesign of the plant, and development of Standard Operating and Sanitation Procedures.