Contraste topográfico superficial y espectrofotométrico de las escamas de los peces Dormitator latifrons, Pagrus pagrus y Selene peruviana, presentes en Ecuador

Abstract

Studying fish scales’ attributes permits a better understanding of the biology and ecology of some aquatic species, and a potential development of new biotechnological applications and biomimetic materials. This work focuses on the characterization of fish scales from Dormitator latifrons, Pagrus pagrus, and Selene peruviana species in Ecuador. The main objective of this study is to contrast the morphology and spectrophotometry of the mentioned fish scales to their surface nanoscopic topography. Methodology involved optimization and preparation of fish scales for morphological and nanoscopic analysis, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV/Vis and infrared spectrophotometry, and optical microscopy. Among the most relevant results, significant differences were found in the topography and spectrophotometric properties of scales among the three species, suggesting specific ecological and functional adaptations. Detailed AFM analysis revealed significant nanoscale variations, especially in P. pagrus, showing rougher scales, perhaps to improve its hydrodynamics during swimming. Spectrophotometry revealed specific adaptations in opacity and luminosity of the scales, indicating different adaptative evolution strategies of D. latifrons, P. pagrus, and S. peruviana species, depending on their respective habitats. In conclusion, this information could inspire future studies for biomaterials and biotechnological applications. The interdisciplinary approach and advanced techniques used in this research enhance our understanding of the functional properties of fish scales.