FACTORES DE RIESGOS DE CONTAGIO DE TUBERCULOSIS EN PERSONAS ADULTAS

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious condition caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium, which has a main impact on the respiratory system. This disease can be transmitted relatively easily from one individual to another through the air, especially when a person with active tuberculosis coughs, expels phlegm or sneezes. Objective: This study focused on seeking relevant information on risk factors for tuberculosis infection in adults, to provide a deeper understanding of this disease and its determinants. Methodology: To achieve this objective, the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) were used, which consisted of carrying out a systematic review of the scientific literature, rigorously following the steps defined by PRISMA. Results: These revealed that socioeconomic factors such as low income and lack of formal education bring a higher risk of tuberculosis. Furthermore, it will be noted that cigarette smoking and drug use gave a significant risk of tuberculosis. In addition, there is evidence of an uneven geographic distribution of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB), as well as the importance of coinfection with HIV and comorbidities such as diabetes in the risk of tuberculosis. Conclusion: This study highlights the complexity of factors influencing tuberculosis in adults, as the interplay between medical, social, and environmental factors underscores the need for comprehensive, personalized approaches to disease prevention and treatment.