Elaboración de un manual de Buenas Prácticas de Manufactura (BPM) para la microempresa láctea PROLAM ubicada en Ambato, Tungurahua

Abstract

This work focused on the development of a Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) manual for the microenterprise PROLAM located in Ambato, for its implementation and subsequent certification in GMP, guaranteeing the safety and quality of its products. To achieve this objective, a diagnosis of the initial situation of the microenterprise was carried out using a checklist based on resolution ARCSA-DE-2022-016-AKRG. The percentage of compliance was 30 percent, noncompliance was 58 percent, and 12 percent did not apply; Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Sanitation Procedures (SSOPs) were developed based on the microenterprise's needs to ensure control of its processes. An action plan was proposed based on the Deming cycle to make suggestions for correcting the nonconformities detected; the implementation budget was US$12,734 and it took two years to complete. As an additional contribution, training workshops were held on basic aspects of hygiene, platform testing and sanitation processes. A redesign of the plant was suggested, considering the distribution of areas and equipment to facilitate the movement of personnel. Microbiological analyses were carried out and the results showed the presence of E. coli in fresh cheese and the presence of fecal coliforms in the water, which demonstrates the importance of implementing the manual developed. At the end of the work, an improvement of 37 percent was obtained, related to the application of records that allow documenting the compliance of different activities in the microenterprise.